ἤ,
Epic dialect also
ἠέ (in
signification [
Refs 4th c.BC+],
conjunction with two chief senses, Disj. (
or) and
comparative (
than).
A) DISJUNCTIVE,
or, ἐγὼ. ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.2) ἢ. ἤ
either. or, ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντ᾽ ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα [
Refs 8th c.BC+], etc; so ἢ. ἤτοι. [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is emphasized, later no distinction is implied, [
NT+2nd c.BC+]; ἤ repeated any number of times, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἤ is probably wrongly accented in codices of [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
adverb [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.3)
or else, otherwise, εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε, ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε Legal [
Refs 6th c.BC+]
A.II) in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is ἢ (ἠέ) followed by ἦ (ἦε), [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.II.1) Direct questions,
A.II.1.a) introduced by ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα. κατέπεφνε; [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.1.b) without an introductory Particle, θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσ; art thou a goddess
or a mortal? [
Refs 8th c.BC+] frequently in codices of [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλα; [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; preceded by πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθα; [
Refs]
A.II.2) Indirect questions, frequently epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions.
A.II.2.a) εἴπ᾽ ἄγε. ἤ ῥ᾽ ἐθέλει, ἦ ἀπέειπε. [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πότερον or πότερα. ἤ. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.2.b) without introductory Particle, οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ᾽ ἦ τέθνηκε [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B) COMPARATIVE,
than, as, after a
comparative, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐδ᾽ ὅσον ἤ. not so much
as. , not more
than. , [
Refs 3rd c.BC+] to wish
rather than. , see at {βούλομαι} IV, αἱρέω [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so φθάνειν ἤ. to come sooner
than. , [
NT+8th c.BC+]
B.2) joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject, πάντες κ᾽ ἀρησαίατ᾽ ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.3) rarely after a
superlative, πλεῖστα θωμάσια ἔχει Αἴγυπτος ἢ ἄλλη πᾶσα χώρη [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.4) ἢ οὐ is used when a
negative precedes, οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἐπ᾽ ἡμέας ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ᾽ ὑμέας [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: after an implied
negative, ὠμὸν. πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους [
Refs]
B.5) frequently omitted with numerals after πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη. πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα variant in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: sometimes with an
infinitive or conditional clause, τί γὰρ ἀνδρὶ κακὸν μεῖζον ἁμαρτεῖν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα, εἰ [δύναμις] πάρεστιν (for ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι); [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.6)
pleonastic with a
genitive, τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.7) the Disj. and
comparative uses are found together in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] better,
either to die once for all
or win life,
than long to toil in battle. [ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ combine by Synizesis into one syllable in Trag. and Comedy texts, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so usually in
Epic dialect, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]