κράτος [ᾰ],
Ionic dialect and
Epic dialect κάρτος, εος, τό, both in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
κρέτος [
Refs 7th c.BC+]:—
strength, might, in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] especially of
bodily strength, [
Refs 8th c.BC+], etc; τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν this (i.e. τὸ βάψαι) is what gives
strength to iron, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κατὰ κράτος with
all one's might or
strength, [
Refs 6th c.BC+], etc: frequently in phrase αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ. take
by storm, [
Refs 6th c.BC+]; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος, opposed to λόγῳ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
2) personified, K. [
Refs 5th c.BC+].
II)
power, τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον, of Zeus, [
LXX+8th c.BC+], etc:
plural, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of political power,
rule, sovereignty, [
Refs 7th c.BC+]; τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν to be all-
powerful, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο in
real power, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] sovereign
power, [
Refs]
II.2) with
genitive,
power over, [
Refs 6th c.BC+]; ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς whoever have
possession of the land, [
Refs 6th c.BC+]:
plural, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry).
II.3) of persons,
a power, an authority, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III)
mastery, victory, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀέθλων κ.
victory in, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. ἀριστείας
the meed of highest valour, [
Refs 6th c.BC+].
IV) in Medicine texts, in
plural,
ligaments, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.2) ={ταρσός},
back of the hand, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
V) [
Refs 4th c.BC+] name for
ten, [
Refs].—This word and its derivations take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ; the latter is mostly
Epic dialect, as κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω, but in κρατερός and καρτερός the reverse holds, see at {κρατερός} near the end; κρατέω, κρατύς have no form καρτ. (κρατ- and καρτ- from kṛt, weak form of κρετ, compare κρέτος, κρέσσων.)