to provoke

Greek Verb

προ-καλέω, -ῶ [in LXX: 2Ma.8:11 A *;] to call forth. Most frequently in mid, (a) to challenge; hence, to provoke: Gal.5:26; (b) to invite (2Mac, l.with). (AS)

to provoke

Greek Verb

προκαλ-έω, call forth, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—passive, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; to be evoked, [Refs 4th c.BC+] B) mostly middle, call out to fight, challenge, Αἴας δὲ πρῶτος προκαλέσσατο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so, later, π. εἰς ἀγῶνα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ταῦτα π. τοὺς συνόντας thus, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; challenge to drink, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὰ συμπαίζει; συγγυμνάζεσθαι, [Refs 6th c.BC+] of one who challenges another in his own department, [Refs 4th c.BC+] B.2) invite or summon, τινὰ ἐς λόγους [Refs 5th c.BC+]; [ἰχθῦς] πρὸς τὴν θήραν π. entice them out, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; πρὸς αὑτόν τινας endeavour to attach them to oneself, [Refs 2nd c.BC+] B.3) with accusative et infinitive, invite one to do, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of things, αὐτὰ (i.e. τὰ πράγματα) προκαλεῖται παρασκευάζειν τι invite, admonish, [Refs 4th c.BC+] with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+] B.4) absolutely, αὐτῶν προκαλεσαμένων at or after their invitation,[Refs 5th c.BC+]; appeal, προκαλεῖσθαι περί τινος ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους [Refs 2nd c.BC+] B.II) with accusative of things, offer, propose, δίκην [Refs 5th c.BC+] offer them peace, [Refs 5th c.BC+] B.II.2) law-term, make an offer or challenge to the opponent for bringing about a decision, e.g. for submitting the case to arbitration, letting slaves be put to the torture, etc, προκαλοῦνται πρόκλησιν ἡμᾶς [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with accusative person, challenge him, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινά τι make one an offer, [Refs 4th c.BC+]infinitive, π. τὴν μητέρα ὀμόσαι offer that she should take an oath, [Refs]: with infinitive only, π. ἐθέλειν ἐπιδεῖξαι [Refs] —passive, π. περὶ Ἐπιδάμνου ἐς κρίσιν Th.l.34. B.III) call up or forth, εὐγένειαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]

Greek

Verb

to call forth to oneself (challenge), i.e. (by implication) to irritate; provoke; middle voice from g4253 (πρό) and g2564 (καλέω)