περ,
enclitic Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, probably a shortened form of περί (which see) in the sense of
A)
very much, however much.—Chiefly
Epic dialect and Lyric poetry; also in Trag. with relats. and parts:
1) in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
adjective and
participle ὤν, ἐπεί μ᾽ ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα
all shortlived as I am, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν[
Refs]
however brave thou art, [
Refs]; κρατερός π. ἐών [
Refs]; δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν[
Refs]: so in Trag, ἄελπτά π. ὄντα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: with a
substantive, ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: with
adjective and
substantive, λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής [
Refs 8th c.BC+] preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών [
Refs]
participle ὤν omitted, φράδμων π. ἀνήρ
however shrewd,[
Refs]; καὶ θεός π. [
Refs 4th c.BC+].
however eager, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου grieved
though he was for, [
Refs]
2)
intensive, ἐλεεινότερός π. more pitiable
by far, [
Refs]; μίνυνθά π. for a
very little, [
Refs]; πρῶτόν π. first
of all, [
Refs]; ὀψέ π. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]. not
even, not
at all, οὐδ᾽ ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἢν μή π. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
3) to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: especially
at any rate, τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι honour (
whatever else) he owed me, [
Refs]; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ [
Refs]
at all events, [
Refs]
II) after Conjs. and
relative words, with which it commonly coalesces:
II.1) after hypothetical Conjs, see at {εἴπερ}.
II.2) after temporal Conjs, ὅτε π.
just when, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὅταν π. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρίν π. before
even, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.3) after causal Conjs, see at {ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπε; δι᾽ ὅ τι π}.
just because, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.4) after relats, see at {ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ}.
II.5) after the
comparative particle, see at {ἤπερ, ἠέπερ}.
II.6) after καί, see at {καίπερ}.
B)
περ (B),
Aeolic dialect for περί.