bitter

Greek Adjective

πικρός, -ά, -όν (poët. in cl.), [in LXX chiefly for מַר;] 1) sharp, pointed. 2) sharp to the senses; of taste, bitter: opposite to γλυκύ, Jas.3:11; metaphorically, harsh, bitter: Jas.3:14 (AS)

bitter

Greek Adjective

πικρός, ά, όν, poetry also ός, όν [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—properly pointed, sharp, keen, ὀϊστός [Refs 8th c.BC+] II) generally, sharp to the sense: II.1) of taste, pungent, ῥίζα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of salt water, opposed to γλυκύς, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πριγλία π. [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἀπ᾽ ὄμφακος πικρᾶς [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὑγρότης π, opposed to ὀξεῖα, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; also of smell, pungent, [Refs 8th c.BC+] II.2) of feeling, sharp, keen, ὠδῖνες [Refs 8th c.BC+] II.3) of sound, piercing, shrill, οἰμωγά [Refs]; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, [Refs 5th c.BC+] III) metaphorically, III.1) of things, bitter, especially of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, frequently in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (variant{ἴδηαι}) [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δύαι, χεῖμα, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive, μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ [Refs 4th c.BC+] III.2) so of persons, probably in [Refs 7th c.BC+]; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. [Refs 6th c.BC+]; π. θεοῖς hateful to them, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δαίμων π, of untimely death (Latin acerbus), [Refs] III.3) embittered, angry, πικρὰ ὄρνις [Refs 5th c.BC+] III.4) relentless, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης [Refs 5th c.BC+]; spiteful, mean, vindictive, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν [Refs 4th c.BC+]: in Comedy texts of old men, σκυθρός, π, φειδωλός [Refs 4th c.BC+] adverb -ρῶς pedantically, [Refs 1st c.BC+]; with rigid accuracy, [Refs 1st c.BC+] IV) adverb -ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, [NT+5th c.BC+]: comparative -ότερον[Refs 4th c.BC+]: superlative -ότατα[Refs 8th c.BC+] and Epic dialect; ῐ frequently in Trag, as [Refs 5th c.BC+]: ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.]

Greek

Adjective

sharp (pungent), i.e. acrid (literally or figuratively); bitter; perhaps from g4078 (πήγνυμι) (through the idea of piercing)