Éxodo 22
1 Cuando un hombre robe un buey o un cordero, y lo degüelle o lo venda, por aquel buey pagará cinco bueyes, y por aquel cordero pagará cuatro corderos.
Yahweh also said, “If someone steals a bull or a sheep, and then slaughters it [to sell it or to sacrifice it] or sells its [meat to someone else], he must pay five bulls for the bull [that he stole], and [he must pay] four sheep for the sheep [that he stole].
2 Si un ladrón es hallado cuando irrumpe en un lugar y es herido de tal modo que muere, a nadie se inculpará por su sangre.
If a thief is caught while he is breaking into someone else’s house [at night], if [the one who catches him] kills the thief, he is not guilty of murdering him.
3 Pero si ya salió el sol, será delito de sangre. Ciertamente hará restitución. Si nada tiene, entonces será vendido por su robo.
But if that happens during the daytime, [the one who killed the thief] is guilty of murdering him. The thief must pay for what he stole. If he has no [animals with which to pay for the one that he stole], he must be sold to [become someone’s else’s slave and the money must be used] to pay for what he stole.
4 Si lo que robó se encuentra vivo en su poder, sea buey, asno u oveja, hará restitución con el doble.
If the thief still has the animal when he is caught, whether it is a bull or a donkey or a sheep, and it is still alive, the thief must give back [the stolen animal as well as giving] two [additional] animals for each one that he stole.
5 Cuando alguno destroce un campo o una viña al soltar su bestia a pastar en campo ajeno, hará restitución con lo mejor de su campo o lo mejor de su viña.
If someone allows his animals to (graze/eat the grass) in his field or in his vineyard, and if they stray away and eat the crops in another person’s field, the owner of the animals must pay [the owner of those crops] by giving him the best crops from his own field or vineyard.
6 Cuando un fuego se propague a las espinas y consuma las gavillas amontonadas o en pie en el campo, el que encendió el fuego restituirá sin falta.
Suppose someone starts a fire in his own field, and the fire spreads through the grass and starts burning in someone else’s field, and the fire burns grain that is growing or grain that is already [cut and] stacked. Then the person who started the fire must pay completely for the damage.
7 Cuando un hombre dé a su prójimo plata u objetos para que los guarde, y sean robados de la casa de aquel que los guardó, si se halla al ladrón, restituirá el doble.
Suppose someone gives to another person some money or other valuable goods and asks him to guard them [in his house for a while]. If those things are stolen from that person’s house, if the thief is caught, he must pay back twice [as much as he stole].
8 Pero si el ladrón no es hallado, entonces el dueño de la casa se presentará ante los jueces y jurará si metió su mano en los bienes de su prójimo, o no.
But if the thief is not caught, the owner of the house [from which the things were stolen] must stand before the judges, so that the judges can determine whether [the owner of the house] was the one who took the other man’s goods [and sold them to someone else].
9 En todo asunto de transgresión, sea de buey, de asno, de oveja, de ropa, o cualquier pérdida en la que se diga: Esto es así, el asunto de ambos se llevará ante los jueces, y aquel a quien los jueces declaren culpable, pagará el doble a su prójimo.
If two people argue about which one of them owns a bull or a donkey or a sheep or some clothing, or something else that has been lost, the two people who each claim/say that the item belongs to them must stand before the judges. The one whom the judges declare is lying must pay back [to the real owner] twice as many bulls or donkeys or sheep or pieces of clothing.
10 Cuando un hombre dé a su prójimo un asno, buey u oveja, o cualquier animal para que lo guarde, y muera, o sea destrozado o robado sin que nadie vea,
Suppose someone gives his donkey or bull or sheep or some other animal to someone else and asks him to take care of it [for a while], and the animal dies or is injured or is stolen while no one is watching.
11 se interpondrá juramento ante Yavé entre ambos para afirmar que su mano no se extendió a los bienes de su prójimo, su dueño lo aceptará, y el otro no pagará.
Then the person [who was taking care of the animal] must (swear/solemnly declare), knowing that God is listening, that he did not steal the animal. If he did not steal it the owner of the animal must accept/believe that the other person is telling the truth, and the other person will not have to pay anything back to the owner.
12 Pero si fue robado de junto a él, hará restitución a su dueño,
But if the animal was stolen [while he was supposed to be taking care of it], the man who promised to take care of it must pay back the owner for the animal.
13 y si fue destrozado por una fiera, le llevará evidencia y no pagará lo destrozado.
If [he says that] the animal was killed by wild animals, he must bring back the remains of the animal that was killed and show it to the animal’s owner. If he does that, he will not have to pay anything for the animal.
14 Cuando un hombre pida a su prójimo un animal, y sea herido o muerto en ausencia de su dueño, ciertamente lo pagará.
If someone borrows an animal, and if that animal is hurt or dies when its owner is not there, the one who borrowed it must pay the owner for the animal.
15 Si el dueño está presente, no pagará. Si era alquilado, entrará en su alquiler.
But if that happens when the owner of the animal is there, the one who borrowed it will not have to pay back anything. If the man who borrowed it only rented it, the money that he paid to rent it will be enough to pay for the animal [dying or being injured].”
16 Si un varón seduce a una virgen que no está comprometida y se une a ella, ciertamente deberá pagar la dote a fin de tomarla como esposa para él mismo.
“If a man persuades a girl/woman to have sex with him, a girl/woman who (is a virgin/has never had sex with any man) and who is not engaged to be married, he must pay the bride price for her and marry her.
17 Pero si su padre rehúsa terminantemente dársela, él pagará el dinero conforme a la dote de las vírgenes.
But if her father refuses to allow her to marry him, he must pay to the woman’s father the amount of money that is equal to the amount of bride price money that men pay for virgins.
18 No dejarás vivir a la hechicera.
You must execute any woman who (practices sorcery/is a shaman).
19 Todo el que se ayunte con animal ciertamente será muerto.
You must execute any person who has sex with an animal.
20 El que ofrezca sacrificio a cualquier ʼelohim que no sea Yavé, será completamente destruido.
You [must offer sacrifices] only to Yahweh. You must execute anyone who offers a sacrifice to any [other] god.
21 No maltratarás ni oprimirás al extranjero, porque también ustedes fueron extranjeros en la tierra de Egipto.
You must not mistreat a foreigner [who comes to live among you]. Do not forget that you were previously foreigners in Egypt.
22 No afligirán a la viuda ni al huérfano.
You must not mistreat any widow or any orphan.
23 Porque si los afligen, y ellos elevan su clamor a Mí, ciertamente escucharé el clamor de ellos
If you mistreat them and they cry out to me [for help], I will hear them.
24 y se encenderá mi ira. A ustedes los haré morir a espada, y sus esposas quedarán viudas y sus hijos huérfanos.
And I will be angry with you, and I will cause you to be killed in a war [MTY]. Your wives will become widows, and your children will no longer have fathers.
25 Si prestas dinero al pobre de mi pueblo que está entre ustedes, no actuarás como un acreedor ni le cobrarás interés.
If you lend money to any of my people who are poor, do not act like a moneylender and require him to pay interest on the money.
26 Si tomas en prenda la ropa de tu prójimo, se lo devolverás antes de la puesta del sol,
If he gives you his cloak to guarantee [that he will pay the money back], you must give the cloak back to him before the sun goes down,
27 pues la ropa es su único cobertor para su piel. ¿En qué se va a acostar? Y si clama a Mí, sucederá que Yo lo escucharé, porque soy misericordioso.
because he needs it to keep him warm [during the night]. (That is the only covering that poor people have when they sleep at night./What else will he cover himself with during the night?) [RHQ] [If you do not act mercifully toward him by returning his cloak], when he cries out to me asking for my help, I will help him, because I [always act] mercifully.
28 No insultarás a los jueces, ni maldecirás al magistrado de tu pueblo.
Do not (revile/speak evil about) me, and do not (curse/ask me to do harmful things to) any ruler of your people.
29 No retardes la ofrenda de tu cosecha y de tu vendimia. Me darás el primogénito de tus hijos.
(Do not withhold from/Give) me the best parts of the grain that you harvest and of the olive oil and the wine that you produce.
30 Lo mismo harás con el de tu buey y con el de tu oveja. Siete días estará con su madre, y al octavo día me lo darás.
You must dedicate your firstborn sons to me. Similarly, your firstborn [male] cattle and sheep belong to me. After those animals are born, allow them to stay with their mothers for seven days. On the eighth day, offer them to me [as a sacrifice].
31 Me serán hombres santos. No comerán carne despedazada en el campo. La echarán a los perros.
You are people who are (completely dedicated to/set apart for) me. [And I detest] the meat of any animal that has been killed by wild animals. Therefore you should not eat such meat. Instead, throw it where the dogs [can eat it].”
