Éxodo 22
1 “Quien robe un buey o una oveja y la mate o la venda, deberá devolver cinco bueyes por un buey y cuatro ovejas por una oveja.
Yahweh also said, “If someone steals a bull or a sheep, and then slaughters it [to sell it or to sacrifice it] or sells its [meat to someone else], he must pay five bulls for the bull [that he stole], and [he must pay] four sheep for the sheep [that he stole].
2 “Si se descubre a un ladrón entrando en la casa de alguien y es golpeado hasta la muerte, nadie será culpable de asesinato.
If a thief is caught while he is breaking into someone else’s house [at night], if [the one who catches him] kills the thief, he is not guilty of murdering him.
3 Pero si ocurre durante el día, entonces alguien es culpable de asesinato. El ladrón debe devolver todo lo robado. Si no tiene nada, entonces debe ser vendido para pagar lo que fue robado.
But if that happens during the daytime, [the one who killed the thief] is guilty of murdering him. The thief must pay for what he stole. If he has no [animals with which to pay for the one that he stole], he must be sold to [become someone’s else’s slave and the money must be used] to pay for what he stole.
4 Si lo que fue robado es un animal vivo que todavía tiene, ya sea un buey, un asno o una oveja, debe devolver el doble.
If the thief still has the animal when he is caught, whether it is a bull or a donkey or a sheep, and it is still alive, the thief must give back [the stolen animal as well as giving] two [additional] animals for each one that he stole.
5 “Si el ganado pasta en un campo o en un viñedo y su dueño lo deja vagar para que pasten en el campo de otro, el dueño debe pagar una compensación con lo mejor de sus propios campos o viñedos.
If someone allows his animals to (graze/eat the grass) in his field or in his vineyard, and if they stray away and eat the crops in another person’s field, the owner of the animals must pay [the owner of those crops] by giving him the best crops from his own field or vineyard.
6 “Si se inicia un incendio que se extiende a los arbustos espinosos y luego quema el grano apilado o en pie, o incluso todo el campo, la persona que inició el fuego debe pagar una compensación completa.
Suppose someone starts a fire in his own field, and the fire spreads through the grass and starts burning in someone else’s field, and the fire burns grain that is growing or grain that is already [cut and] stacked. Then the person who started the fire must pay completely for the damage.
7 “Si alguien le da a su vecino dinero o posesiones para que las guarde y se las roban de la casa del vecino, si el ladrón es atrapado debe pagar el doble.
Suppose someone gives to another person some money or other valuable goods and asks him to guard them [in his house for a while]. If those things are stolen from that person’s house, if the thief is caught, he must pay back twice [as much as he stole].
8 Si el ladrón no es atrapado, el propietario de la casa debe comparecer ante los jueces para averiguar si se llevó la propiedad de su vecino.
But if the thief is not caught, the owner of the house [from which the things were stolen] must stand before the judges, so that the judges can determine whether [the owner of the house] was the one who took the other man’s goods [and sold them to someone else].
9 “Si hay una discusión sobre la propiedad de un buey, un asno, una oveja, una prenda de vestir, o cualquier cosa que se haya perdido y alguien dice: ‘Esto es mío’, ambas partes deben llevar su caso ante los jueces. Aquel al que los jueces encuentren culpable debe devolverle el doble al otro.
If two people argue about which one of them owns a bull or a donkey or a sheep or some clothing, or something else that has been lost, the two people who each claim/say that the item belongs to them must stand before the judges. The one whom the judges declare is lying must pay back [to the real owner] twice as many bulls or donkeys or sheep or pieces of clothing.
10 “Si alguien pide a un vecino que cuide un asno, un buey, una oveja o cualquier otro animal, pero éste muere o se lesiona o es robado sin que nadie se dé cuenta,
Suppose someone gives his donkey or bull or sheep or some other animal to someone else and asks him to take care of it [for a while], and the animal dies or is injured or is stolen while no one is watching.
11 entonces se debe prestar un juramento ante el Señor para decidir si el vecino ha tomado la propiedad del dueño. El propietario debe aceptar el juramento y no exigir una compensación.
Then the person [who was taking care of the animal] must (swear/solemnly declare), knowing that God is listening, that he did not steal the animal. If he did not steal it the owner of the animal must accept/believe that the other person is telling the truth, and the other person will not have to pay anything back to the owner.
12 “Sin embargo, si el animal fue realmente robado al vecino, debe compensar al propietario.
But if the animal was stolen [while he was supposed to be taking care of it], the man who promised to take care of it must pay back the owner for the animal.
13 Si fue matado y despedazado por un animal salvaje, el vecino deberá presentar el cadáver como prueba y no necesita pagar indemnización.
If [he says that] the animal was killed by wild animals, he must bring back the remains of the animal that was killed and show it to the animal’s owner. If he does that, he will not have to pay anything for the animal.
14 “Si alguien toma prestado un animal del vecino y éste resulta herido o muere mientras su dueño no está presente, debe pagar una indemnización en su totalidad.
If someone borrows an animal, and if that animal is hurt or dies when its owner is not there, the one who borrowed it must pay the owner for the animal.
15 Si el propietario estaba presente, no se pagará ninguna compensación. Si el animal fue alquilado, sólo se debe pagar el precio del alquiler.
But if that happens when the owner of the animal is there, the one who borrowed it will not have to pay back anything. If the man who borrowed it only rented it, the money that he paid to rent it will be enough to pay for the animal [dying or being injured].”
16 “Si un hombre seduce a una virgen no comprometida para casarse y se acuesta con ella, debe pagar el precio completo de la novia para que se convierta en su esposa.
“If a man persuades a girl/woman to have sex with him, a girl/woman who (is a virgin/has never had sex with any man) and who is not engaged to be married, he must pay the bride price for her and marry her.
17 Si el padre de ella se niega rotundamente a dársela, el hombre debe pagar la misma cantidad que el precio de la novia por una virgen.
But if her father refuses to allow her to marry him, he must pay to the woman’s father the amount of money that is equal to the amount of bride price money that men pay for virgins.
18 “No se debe permitir que viva una mujer que practique la brujería.
You must execute any woman who (practices sorcery/is a shaman).
19 “Todo aquel que tenga relaciones sexuales con un animal debe ser ejecutado.
You must execute any person who has sex with an animal.
20 “Cualquiera que se sacrifique a cualquier otro dios que no sea el Señor debe ser apartado y ejecutado.
You [must offer sacrifices] only to Yahweh. You must execute anyone who offers a sacrifice to any [other] god.
21 “No se debe explotar o maltratar a un extranjero. Recuerden que ustedes mismos fueron una vez extranjeros en Egipto.
You must not mistreat a foreigner [who comes to live among you]. Do not forget that you were previously foreigners in Egypt.
22 “No se aprovechen de ninguna viuda o huérfano.
You must not mistreat any widow or any orphan.
23 Si los maltratan, y ellos me piden ayuda, responderé a su clamor.
If you mistreat them and they cry out to me [for help], I will hear them.
24 Me enfadaré y mataré a quien se aproveche de ellos con espada. Entonces sus esposas se convertirán en viudas y sus hijos quedarán huérfanos.
And I will be angry with you, and I will cause you to be killed in a war [MTY]. Your wives will become widows, and your children will no longer have fathers.
25 “Si le prestas dinero a mi pueblo porque son pobres, no te comportes como un prestamista con ellos. No debes cobrarles ningún interés.
If you lend money to any of my people who are poor, do not act like a moneylender and require him to pay interest on the money.
26 “Si necesitas la capa de tu vecino como garantía de un préstamo, debes devolvérsela antes de la puesta de sol,
If he gives you his cloak to guarantee [that he will pay the money back], you must give the cloak back to him before the sun goes down,
27 porque es la única ropa que tiene para su cuerpo. ¿De otro modo, con qué dormirá? Y si me pide ayuda, le escucharé, porque soy misericordioso.
because he needs it to keep him warm [during the night]. (That is the only covering that poor people have when they sleep at night./What else will he cover himself with during the night?) [RHQ] [If you do not act mercifully toward him by returning his cloak], when he cries out to me asking for my help, I will help him, because I [always act] mercifully.
28 “No desprecies a Dios ni maldigas al líder de tu pueblo.
Do not (revile/speak evil about) me, and do not (curse/ask me to do harmful things to) any ruler of your people.
29 “No retengas las ofrendas requeridas de tus productos, aceite de oliva y vino. Debes darme el primogénito de tus hijos.
(Do not withhold from/Give) me the best parts of the grain that you harvest and of the olive oil and the wine that you produce.
30 También debes darme el primogénito de tus vacas, ovejas y cabras. Podrás dejarlos con sus madres durante los primeros siete días, pero debes darmelos al octavo día.
You must dedicate your firstborn sons to me. Similarly, your firstborn [male] cattle and sheep belong to me. After those animals are born, allow them to stay with their mothers for seven days. On the eighth day, offer them to me [as a sacrifice].
31 “Ustedes deben ser un pueblo santo para mí. No coman ningún cadáver de animal que encuentren en el campo y que haya sido asesinado por animales salvajes. Láncenlos a los perros para que se lo coman”.
You are people who are (completely dedicated to/set apart for) me. [And I detest] the meat of any animal that has been killed by wild animals. Therefore you should not eat such meat. Instead, throw it where the dogs [can eat it].”
