出エジプト記 21
1 これはあなたが彼らの前に示すべきおきてである。
“Here are some [other] instructions to give to [the Israeli people]:
2 あなたがヘブルびとである奴隷を買う時は、六年のあいだ仕えさせ、七年目には無償で自由の身として去らせなければならない。
When/If you buy a Hebrew slave, he is to serve you for [only] six years. In the seventh year you must free him [from being your slave], and he is not required to pay you anything [for setting him free].
3 彼がもし独身できたならば、独身で去らなければならない。もし妻を持っていたならば、その妻は彼と共に去らなければならない。
If he was not married before he became your slave, and if he marries [someone while he is your slave], his wife is not to be set free [with him]. But if he was married before he became your slave, you must free both him and his wife.
4 もしその主人が彼に妻を与えて、彼に男の子また女の子を産んだならば、妻とその子供は主人のものとなり、彼は独身で去らなければならない。
If a slave’s master gives him a wife, and she gives birth to sons or daughters [while her husband is a slave], only the man is to be freed. His wife and children will continue to be slaves of their master.
5 奴隷がもし『わたしは、わたしの主人と、わたしの妻と子供を愛します。わたしは自由の身となって去ることを好みません』と明言するならば、
But when it is time for the slave to be set free, if the slave says, ‘I love my master and my wife and my children, and I do not want to be set free,’
6 その主人は彼を神のもとに連れて行き、戸あるいは柱のところに連れて行って、主人は、きりで彼の耳を刺し通さなければならない。そうすれば彼はいつまでもこれに仕えるであろう。
then his master must take him to [the place where they worship] God (OR, to [the owner’s] house). There he must make the slave stand against the door or the doorpost. Then the master will use an (awl/pointed metal rod) to make a hole in the slave’s ear. Then [he will fasten a tag to the slave’s ear to indicate that] (he will own that slave for the rest of his life/he will own the slave as long as the slave lives).
7 もし人がその娘を女奴隷として売るならば、その娘は男奴隷が去るように去ってはならない。
If a man sells his daughter to become a slave, she should not be set free [after six years], as the male slaves are.
8 彼女がもし彼女を自分のものと定めた主人の気にいらない時は、その主人は彼女が、あがなわれることを、これに許さなければならない。彼はこれを欺いたのであるから、これを他国の民に売る権利はない。
If the man who bought her wanted her to be his wife, but if [later] he is not pleased with her, he must sell her back to her father. He must not sell her to a foreigner, because that would be breaking the contract/agreement [he made with the girl’s father].
9 彼がもし彼女を自分の子のものと定めるならば、これを娘のように扱わなければならない。
If the man who buys her wants her to be a wife for his son, he must then treat her as though she were his own daughter.
10 彼が、たとい、ほかに女をめとることがあっても、前の女に食物と衣服を与えることと、その夫婦の道とを絶えさせてはならない。
If the master takes another slave girl to be another wife for himself, he must continue to give the first slave wife the same amount of food and clothing that he gave to her before, and he must continue to have sex [EUP] with her as before.
11 彼がもしこの三つを行わないならば、彼女は金を償わずに去ることができる。
If he does not do all these three things for her, he must free her [from being a slave], and she is not required to pay anything [for being set free].
12 人を撃って死なせた者は、必ず殺されなければならない。
You must execute anyone who strikes another person with the result that the person who is struck dies.
13 しかし、人がたくむことをしないのに、神が彼の手に人をわたされることのある時は、わたしはあなたのために一つの所を定めよう。彼はその所へのがれることができる。
But if the one who struck the other did not intend to kill that person, the one who struck him can escape to a place that I will choose for you, [and he will be safe there].
14 しかし人がもし、ことさらにその隣人を欺いて殺す時は、その者をわたしの祭壇からでも、捕えて行って殺さなければならない。
But if someone gets angry with another person and kills him, even if the murderer runs to the altar, [a place that God designated as a place to be safe], you must execute him.
15 自分の父または母を撃つ者は、必ず殺されなければならない。
Anyone who strikes his father or mother must surely be executed.
16 人をかどわかした者は、これを売っていても、なお彼の手にあっても、必ず殺されなければならない。
Anyone who kidnaps another person, either in order to sell that person or to keep him as a slave, must be executed.
17 自分の父または母をのろう者は、必ず殺されなければならない。
Anyone who reviles/curses his father or his mother must be executed.
18 人が互に争い、そのひとりが石または、こぶしで相手を撃った時、これが死なないで床につき、
Suppose two people fight, and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist. And suppose the person he strikes does not die but is injured and has to stay in bed [for a while],
19 再び起きあがって、つえにすがり、外を歩くようになるならば、これを撃った者は、ゆるされるであろう。ただその仕事を休んだ損失を償い、かつこれにじゅうぶん治療させなければならない。
and later he is able to walk outside using a cane. Then the person who struck him does not have to be punished. However, he must pay the injured person the money he could not earn [while he was recovering], and he must also pay the injured person’s medical expenses until that person is well.
20 もし人がつえをもって、自分の男奴隷または女奴隷を撃ち、その手の下に死ぬならば、必ず罰せられなければならない。
If someone strikes his male or female slave with a stick, if the slave dies (immediately/as a result) [IDM], the one who struck him must be punished.
21 しかし、彼がもし一日か、ふつか生き延びるならば、その人は罰せられない。奴隷は彼の財産だからである。
But if the slave lives for a day or two after he is struck [and then dies], you must not punish the one who struck him. Not having that slave to be able to work for him any longer is enough punishment.
22 もし人が互に争って、身ごもった女を撃ち、これに流産させるならば、ほかの害がなくとも、彼は必ずその女の夫の求める罰金を課せられ、裁判人の定めるとおりに支払わなければならない。
Suppose two people are fighting and they hurt a pregnant woman with the result that (she has a miscarriage/her baby is born prematurely and dies). If the woman is not harmed in any other way, the one who injured her must pay a fine. He must pay whatever the woman’s husband demands, after a judge approves of the fine.
23 しかし、ほかの害がある時は、命には命、
But if the woman is injured in some additional way, the one who injured her must be caused to suffer in exactly the same way [that he caused her to suffer]. If she dies, he must be executed.
24 目には目、歯には歯、手には手、足には足、
If her eye is injured or destroyed, or if he knocks out one of her teeth, or her hand or foot is injured, or if she is burned or bruised, the one who injured her must be injured in the same way.
25 焼き傷には焼き傷、傷には傷、打ち傷には打ち傷をもって償わなければならない。
26 もし人が自分の男奴隷の片目、または女奴隷の片目を撃ち、これをつぶすならば、その目のためにこれを自由の身として去らせなければならない。
If the owner of a slave strikes the eye of his male or female slave and ruins it, he must free that slave because of [what he did to] the slave’s eye.
27 また、もしその男奴隷の一本の歯、またはその女奴隷の一本の歯を撃ち落すならば、その歯のためにこれを自由の身として去らせなければならない。
If someone knocks out one of his slave’s teeth, he must free the slave because of [what he did to] the slave’s tooth.
28 もし牛が男または女を突いて殺すならば、その牛は必ず石で撃ち殺されなければならない。その肉は食べてはならない。しかし、その牛の持ち主は罪がない。
If a bull gores a man or woman with the result that the person dies, you [must kill the bull by] throwing stones at it, but you must not punish the owner of the bull.
29 牛がもし以前から突く癖があって、その持ち主が注意されても、これを守りおかなかったために、男または女を殺したならば、その牛は石で撃ち殺され、その持ち主もまた殺されなければならない。
But suppose the bull had attacked people several times before, and its owner had been warned, but he did not keep the bull inside a fence. Then you [must kill the bull by] throwing stones at it, but you must also execute its owner.
30 彼がもし、あがないの金を課せられたならば、すべて課せられたほどのものを、命の償いに支払わなければならない。
However, if the owner of the bull is allowed to pay a fine (to save his own life/in order not to be executed), he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay.
31 男の子を突いても、女の子を突いても、この定めに従って処置されなければならない。
If someone’s bull attacks and gores another person’s son or daughter, you must treat the bull’s owner according to that same rule.
32 牛がもし男奴隷または女奴隷を突くならば、その主人に銀三十シケルを支払わなければならない。またその牛は石で撃ち殺されなければならない。
If a bull attacks and gores a male or female slave, its owner must pay to the slave’s owner 30 pieces of silver. Then you must [kill the bull by] throwing stones at it.
33 もし人が穴をあけたままに置き、あるいは穴を掘ってこれにおおいをしないために、牛または、ろばがこれに落ち込むことがあれば、
Suppose someone has a pit/cistern and does not keep it covered, and someone’s bull or donkey falls into it [and dies].
34 穴の持ち主はこれを償い、金をその持ち主に支払わなければならない。しかし、その死んだ獣は彼のものとなるであろう。
Then the owner of the pit/cistern must pay for the animal that died. He must give the money to the animal’s owner, but then he can take away the animal that died and [do whatever he wants to with it].
35 ある人の牛が、もし他人の牛を突いて殺すならば、彼らはその生きている牛を売って、その価を分け、またその死んだものをも分けなければならない。
If someone’s bull hurts another person’s bull with the result that it dies, the owners of both bulls must sell the bull that is living, and they must divide [between them] the money [that they receive] for it. They must also divide [between them the meat of] the animal that died.
36 あるいはその牛が以前から突く癖のあることが知られているのに、その持ち主がこれを守りおかなかったならば、その人は必ずその牛のために牛をもって償わなければならない。しかし、その死んだ獣は彼のものとなるであろう。
However, if people know that the bull often attacked other animals previously, and its owner did not keep it inside a fence, then the owner of that bull must give the owner of the bull that died one of his own bulls, but he can take away the animal that died [and do with it whatever he wants to do].”
