שמואל א 13

1 בן שנה שאול במלכו ושתי שנים מלך על ישראל׃

Saul was no longer a young man when he became the king. He ruled Israel for 42 years.

2 ויבחר לו שאול שלשת אלפים מישראל ויהיו עם שאול אלפים במכמש ובהר בית אל ואלף היו עם יונתן בגבעת בנימין ויתר העם שלח איש לאהליו׃

[Several years after he became king], he chose three thousand men from the Israeli army to go with him [to fight the Philistines]. Then he sent the other soldiers back home. Of the men he chose, 2,000 stayed with Saul at Micmash and in the hilly area near Bethel, and 1,000 stayed with [Saul’s son] Jonathan at Gibeah, in the area where the descendants of Benjamin lived.

3 ויך יונתן את נציב פלשתים אשר בגבע וישמעו פלשתים ושאול תקע בשופר בכל הארץ לאמר ישמעו העברים׃

Jonathan [and the men who were with him] attacked the Philistine soldiers who were camped at Geba. The [other] Philistines heard about that. [So Saul realized that the army of Philistia would probably come to fight the Israelis again]. So Saul [sent messengers to] blow trumpets throughout Israel [to gather the people together and] proclaim to them, “All you Hebrews need to hear [that now the Philistines will start a war with us]!”

4 וכל ישראל שמעו לאמר הכה שאול את נציב פלשתים וגם נבאש ישראל בפלשתים ויצעקו העם אחרי שאול הגלגל׃

The messengers told the rest of the army to gather together with Saul at Gilgal. And all the people in Israel heard the news. People were saying, “Saul’s army has attacked the Philistine camp, with the result that now the Philistines hate us Israelis very much.”

5 ופלשתים נאספו להלחם עם ישראל שלשים אלף רכב וששת אלפים פרשים ועם כחול אשר על שפת הים לרב ויעלו ויחנו במכמש קדמת בית און׃

The Philistines gathered together and were given equipment to fight the Israelis. The Philistines had 3,000 chariots, and 6,000 chariot-drivers. Their soldiers [seemed to be as many] as grains of sand on the seashore [HYP]. They went up and set up their tents at Micmash, to the east of Beth-Aven ([which means ‘house of wickedness’, and really referred to Bethel town]).

6 ואיש ישראל ראו כי צר לו כי נגש העם ויתחבאו העם במערות ובחוחים ובסלעים ובצרחים ובברות׃

The Philistines attacked the Israelis very strongly, and the Israeli soldiers realized that they were in a very bad situation. So many of the Israeli soldiers hid in caves and holes in the ground, or among the rocks, or in pits, or in wells.

7 ועברים עברו את הירדן ארץ גד וגלעד ושאול עודנו בגלגל וכל העם חרדו אחריו׃

Some of them crossed the Jordan River at a place where it was very shallow. Then they went to the area where the descendants of Gad lived and to [the] Gilead [region]. But Saul stayed at Gilgal. All the soldiers who were with him were shaking [because they were so afraid].

8 וייחל שבעת ימים למועד אשר שמואל ולא בא שמואל הגלגל ויפץ העם מעליו׃

Saul waited seven days, which was the number of days that Samuel had told him to wait for him. But Samuel did not come to Gilgal [during that time], so many of the men in Saul’s army began to leave him and run away.

9 ויאמר שאול הגשו אלי העלה והשלמים ויעל העלה׃

So Saul said to the soldiers, “Bring to me an animal to be completely burned [on the altar] and one for the offering to enable us to maintain fellowship [with God].” [So the men did that].

10 ויהי ככלתו להעלות העלה והנה שמואל בא ויצא שאול לקראתו לברכו׃

And just as he was finished burning those offerings, Samuel arrived. Saul went to greet him.

11 ויאמר שמואל מה עשית ויאמר שאול כי ראיתי כי נפץ העם מעלי ואתה לא באת למועד הימים ופלשתים נאספים מכמש׃

Samuel [saw what Saul had done, and he] said to Saul, “Why have you done this?” Saul replied, “I saw that my men were leaving me and running away, and that you did not come here during the time that you said that you would come, and that the Philistine army was gathering together at Micmash.

12 ואמר עתה ירדו פלשתים אלי הגלגל ופני יהוה לא חליתי ואתאפק ואעלה העלה׃

“So I thought, ‘The Philistine army is going to attack us here at Gilgal, and I have not yet asked Yahweh to bless/help us.’ So I felt it was necessary to offer the burnt offerings [to seek God’s blessings].”

13 ויאמר שמואל אל שאול נסכלת לא שמרת את מצות יהוה אלהיך אשר צוך כי עתה הכין יהוה את ממלכתך אל ישראל עד עולם׃

Samuel replied, “What you did was very foolish! You have not obeyed what Yahweh, your God, commanded [about sacrifices]. If you had obeyed him, God would have allowed you and your descendants to rule [Israel] for a long time.

14 ועתה ממלכתך לא תקום בקש יהוה לו איש כלבבו ויצוהו יהוה לנגיד על עמו כי לא שמרת את אשר צוך יהוה׃

But now [because of what you have done, you will die, and after you die, ] none of your descendants will rule. Yahweh is seeking for a man [to be king] who will be just the kind of person that he wants him to be, so that he can appoint him to be the leader of his people. Yahweh will do this because you have not obeyed what he commanded.”

15 ויקם שמואל ויעל מן הגלגל גבעת בנימן ויפקד שאול את העם הנמצאים עמו כשש מאות איש׃

Then Samuel left Gilgal and went up to Gibeah. Saul stayed at Gilgal with his soldiers. There were only about 600 of them left [who had not run away].

16 ושאול ויונתן בנו והעם הנמצא עמם ישבים בגבע בנימן ופלשתים חנו במכמש׃

Saul and his son Jonathan and the soldiers who were with them went to Geba [city] in the area of the tribe of Benjamin [and set up their tents there]. The Philistine army set up their tents at Micmash.

17 ויצא המשחית ממחנה פלשתים שלשה ראשים הראש אחד יפנה אל דרך עפרה אל ארץ שועל׃

Three groups of Philistia men soon left the place where their army was staying, and went and (raided the Israeli towns/attacked the Israelis and took their possessions). One group went [north] toward Ophrah [city] in [the] Shual [region].

18 והראש אחד יפנה דרך בית חרון והראש אחד יפנה דרך הגבול הנשקף על גי הצבעים המדברה׃

One group went [west] to Beth-Horon [city]. The third group went toward the [Israeli] border, above Zeboim Valley, near the desert.

19 וחרש לא ימצא בכל ארץ ישראל כי אמר פלשתים פן יעשו העברים חרב או חנית׃

At that time, there were no men in Israel who (were blacksmiths/could make things from iron). [The people of Philistia would not permit the Israelis to do that, because they were afraid that] they would make iron swords and spears for the Hebrews to fight with.

20 וירדו כל ישראל הפלשתים ללטוש איש את מחרשתו ואת אתו ואת קרדמו ואת מחרשתו׃

So [whenever the Israelis needed] to sharpen the blades of their plows, or picks, or axes, or sickles, they were forced to take those things to a Philistia man who could sharpen those things.

21 והיתה הפצירה פים למחרשת ולאתים ולשלש קלשון ולהקרדמים ולהציב הדרבן׃

They needed to pay (one fourth of an ounce/8 grams) of silver for sharpening a plow, and (an eighth of an ounce/4 grams) of silver to sharpen an axe, or a sickle, or (an ox goad/a pointed rod to jab an ox to make it walk).

22 והיה ביום מלחמת ולא נמצא חרב וחנית ביד כל העם אשר את שאול ואת יונתן ותמצא לשאול וליונתן בנו׃

So [because the Israelis could not make weapons from iron], on the day that the Israelis fought [against the men of Philistia], Saul and Jonathan were the only Israeli men who had swords. None of the others had a sword; [they had only bows and arrows].

23 ויצא מצב פלשתים אל מעבר מכמש׃

Before the battle started, some Philistia men went to (the pass/a narrow place between two cliffs) outside Micmash to guard it.