שְׁמֹות 22

1 כִּ֤י יִגְנֹֽב־אִישׁ֙ שֹׁ֣ור אֹו־שֶׂ֔ה וּטְבָחֹ֖ו אֹ֣ו מְכָרֹ֑ו חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בָקָ֗ר יְשַׁלֵּם֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֹּׁ֔ור וְאַרְבַּע־צֹ֖אן תַּ֥חַת הַשֶּֽׂה׃

“If a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters or sells it, he must repay five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep.

2 אִם־בַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶת יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב וְהֻכָּ֣ה וָמֵ֑ת אֵ֥ין לֹ֖ו דָּמִֽים׃

If a thief is caught breaking in and is beaten to death, no one shall be guilty of bloodshed.

3 אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים לֹ֑ו שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־אֵ֣ין לֹ֔ו וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֹֽו׃

But if it happens after sunrise, there is guilt for his bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution; if he has nothing, he himself shall be sold for his theft.

4 אִֽם־הִמָּצֵא֩ תִמָּצֵ֨א בְיָדֹ֜ו הַגְּנֵבָ֗ה מִשֹּׁ֧ור עַד־חֲמֹ֛ור עַד־שֶׂ֖ה חַיִּ֑ים שְׁנַ֖יִם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ ס

If what was stolen is actually found alive in his possession—whether ox or donkey or sheep—he must pay back double.

5 כִּ֤י יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ֙ שָׂדֶ֣ה אֹו־כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־בְּעִירָה (בְּעִירֹ֔ו) וּבִעֵ֖ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמֹ֖ו יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ ס

If a man grazes his livestock in a field or vineyard and allows them to stray so that they graze in someone else’s field, he must make restitution from the best of his own field or vineyard.

6 כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ וּמָצְאָ֤ה קֹצִים֙ וְנֶאֱכַ֣ל גָּדִ֔ישׁ אֹ֥ו הַקָּמָ֖ה אֹ֣ו הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם הַמַּבְעִ֖ר אֶת־הַבְּעֵרָֽה׃ ס

If a fire breaks out and spreads to thornbushes so that it consumes stacked or standing grain, or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make full restitution.

7 כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ כֶּ֤סֶף אֹֽו־כֵלִים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֔ר וְגֻנַּ֖ב מִבֵּ֣ית הָאִ֑ישׁ אִם־יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנָֽיִם׃

If a man gives his neighbor money or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double.

8 אִם־לֹ֤א יִמָּצֵא֙ הַגַּנָּ֔ב וְנִקְרַ֥ב בַּֽעַל־הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָדֹ֖ו בִּמְלֶ֥אכֶת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃

If the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges to determine whether he has taken his neighbor’s property.

9 עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שֹׁ֡ור עַל־חֲ֠מֹור עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ ס

In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any lost item that someone claims, ‘This is mine,’ both parties shall bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges find guilty must pay back double to his neighbor.

10 כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ חֲמֹ֨ור אֹו־שֹׁ֥ור אֹו־שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר וּמֵ֛ת אֹו־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אֹו־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃

If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching,

11 שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה תִּהְיֶה֙ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָדֹ֖ו בִּמְלֶ֣אכֶת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְלָקַ֥ח בְּעָלָ֖יו וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃

an oath before the LORD shall be made between the parties to determine whether or not the man has taken his neighbor’s property. The owner must accept the oath and require no restitution.

12 וְאִם־גָּנֹ֥ב יִגָּנֵ֖ב מֵעִמֹּ֑ו יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לִבְעָלָֽיו׃

But if the animal was actually stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner.

13 אִם־טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ פ

If the animal was torn to pieces, he shall bring it as evidence; he need not make restitution for the torn carcass.

14 וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אֹו־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמֹּ֖ו שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃

If a man borrows an animal from his neighbor and it is injured or dies while its owner is not present, he must make full restitution.

15 אִם־בְּעָלָ֥יו עִמֹּ֖ו לֹ֣א יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם אִם־שָׂכִ֣יר ה֔וּא בָּ֖א בִּשְׂכָרֹֽו׃ ס

If the owner was present, no restitution is required. If the animal was rented, the fee covers the loss.

16 וְכִֽי־יְפַתֶּ֣ה אִ֗ישׁ בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־אֹרָ֖שָׂה וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ מָהֹ֛ר יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה לֹּ֖ו לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged in marriage and sleeps with her, he must pay the full dowry for her to be his wife.

17 אִם־מָאֵ֧ן יְמָאֵ֛ן אָבִ֖יהָ לְתִתָּ֣הּ לֹ֑ו כֶּ֣סֶף יִשְׁקֹ֔ל כְּמֹ֖הַר הַבְּתוּלֹֽת׃ ס

If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, the man still must pay an amount comparable to the bridal price of a virgin.

18 מְכַשֵּׁפָ֖ה לֹ֥א תְחַיֶּֽה׃ ס

You must not allow a sorceress to live.

19 כָּל־שֹׁכֵ֥ב עִם־בְּהֵמָ֖ה מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃ ס

Whoever lies with an animal must surely be put to death.

20 זֹבֵ֥חַ לָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יָֽחֳרָ֑ם בִּלְתִּ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה לְבַדֹּֽו׃

If anyone sacrifices to any god other than the LORD alone, he must be set apart for destruction.

21 וְגֵ֥ר לֹא־תֹונֶ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

You must not exploit or oppress a foreign resident, for you yourselves were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

22 כָּל־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְיָתֹ֖ום לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּן׃

You must not mistreat any widow or orphan.

23 אִם־עַנֵּ֥ה תְעַנֶּ֖ה אֹתֹ֑ו כִּ֣י אִם־צָעֹ֤ק יִצְעַק֙ אֵלַ֔י שָׁמֹ֥עַ אֶשְׁמַ֖ע צַעֲקָתֹֽו׃

If you do mistreat them, and they cry out to Me in distress, I will surely hear their cry.

24 וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְהָרַגְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב וְהָי֤וּ נְשֵׁיכֶם֙ אַלְמָנֹ֔ות וּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם יְתֹמִֽים׃ פ

My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword; then your wives will become widows and your children will be fatherless.

25 אִם־כֶּ֣סֶף ׀ תַּלְוֶ֣ה אֶת־עַמִּ֗י אֶת־הֶֽעָנִי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה לֹ֖ו כְּנֹשֶׁ֑ה לֹֽא־תְשִׂימ֥וּן עָלָ֖יו נֶֽשֶׁךְ׃

If you lend money to one of My people among you who is poor, you must not act as a creditor to him; you are not to charge him interest.

26 אִם־חָבֹ֥ל תַּחְבֹּ֖ל שַׂלְמַ֣ת רֵעֶ֑ךָ עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ תְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ לֹֽו׃

If you take your neighbor’s cloak as collateral, return it to him by sunset,

27 כִּ֣י הִ֤וא כְסוּתָה (כְסוּתֹו֙) לְבַדָּ֔הּ הִ֥וא שִׂמְלָתֹ֖ו לְעֹרֹ֑ו בַּמֶּ֣ה יִשְׁכָּ֔ב וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־יִצְעַ֣ק אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖י כִּֽי־חַנּ֥וּן אָֽנִי׃ ס

because his cloak is the only covering he has for his body. What else will he sleep in? And if he cries out to Me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.

28 אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א תְקַלֵּ֑ל וְנָשִׂ֥יא בְעַמְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָאֹֽר׃

You must not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of your people.

29 מְלֵאָתְךָ֥ וְדִמְעֲךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְאַחֵ֑ר בְּכֹ֥ור בָּנֶ֖יךָ תִּתֶּן־לִּֽי׃

You must not hold back offerings from your granaries or vats. You are to give Me the firstborn of your sons.

30 כֵּֽן־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְשֹׁרְךָ֖ לְצֹאנֶ֑ךָ שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה עִם־אִמֹּ֔ו בַּיֹּ֥ום הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י תִּתְּנֹו־לִֽי׃

You shall do likewise with your cattle and your sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but on the eighth day you are to give them to Me.

31 וְאַנְשֵׁי־קֹ֖דֶשׁ תִּהְי֣וּן לִ֑י וּבָשָׂ֨ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה טְרֵפָה֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ לַכֶּ֖לֶב תַּשְׁלִכ֥וּן אֹתֹֽו׃ ס

You are to be My holy people. You must not eat the meat of a mauled animal found in the field; you are to throw it to the dogs.