Deutéronome 19
1 Lorsque Yahweh, ton Dieu, aura exterminé les nations dont Yahweh, ton Dieu, te donne le pays; lorsque tu les auras chassées et que tu habiteras dans leurs villes et dans leurs maisons,
After Yahweh our God has gotten rid of the people-groups from the land that he is giving to you, and after you have expelled them from their cities and you start to live in their houses,
2 tu sépareras trois villes au milieu du pays que Yahweh, ton Dieu, te donne pour le posséder.
you must divide into three parts the land that he is giving to you. Then choose a city in each part. You must make good roads [in order that people can get to those cities easily]. Someone who kills another person can escape to one of those cities [to be safe/protected].
3 Tu tiendras en état les routes qui y conduisent, et tu diviseras en trois parties le territoire du pays que Yahweh, ton Dieu, va te donner en héritage, afin que tout meurtrier puisse s'enfuir dans ces villes.
4 Voici dans quel cas le meurtrier qui s'y réfugiera aura la vie sauve: s'il a tué son prochain par mégarde, sans avoir été auparavant son ennemi.
“This is the rule about someone who has killed another person. If someone (accidentally/without planning to) kills another person who was not his enemy, he may escape to one of those cities and be safe/protected there.
5 Ainsi un homme va couper du bois dans la forêt avec un autre homme; sa main brandit la hache pour abattre un arbre; le fer s'échappe du manche, atteint son compagnon et le tue: cet homme s'enfuira dans l'une de ces villes et il aura la vie sauve.
For example, if two men go into the forest to cut some wood, if the axe head comes off the handle while one of them is chopping down a tree and the axe head strikes and kills the other man, the man [who was using the axe] will be allowed to run to one of those cities and be safe there, [because the people of that city will protect him].
6 Autrement le vengeur du sang, poursuivant le meurtrier dans l'ardeur de sa colère, l'atteindrait, si le chemin était trop long, et lui porterait un coup mortel; et pourtant cet homme n'aurait pas mérité la mort, puisqu'il n'avait pas auparavant de haine contre la victime.
Because he accidentally killed someone, and because the man was not his enemy, he can try to run to one of those cities. If there were only one city, it may be a long distance to that city. Then if the relative of the man who was killed [MTY], the man who is supposed/expected to get revenge, is very angry, he may be able to catch the other person before he arrives at that city.
7 C'est pourquoi je te donne cet ordre: Mets à part trois villes.
[To prevent that from happening], you must choose three cities, not only one, [in order that someone can get to one of those cities quickly].
8 Et si Yahweh, ton Dieu, élargit tes frontières, comme il l'a juré à tes pères, et qu'il te donne tout le pays qu'il a promis à tes pères de te donner,
“If you do everything that I am today commanding you to do, and if you love Yahweh our God, and if you conduct your lives as he wants you to do, Yahweh our God will give you much more land than you will have when you first occupy it, which is what he promised to do. He will give you all the land which he promised your ancestors that he would give to you. When he gives you that land, you must select three more cities [to which people may escape].
9 — pourvu que tu observes et mettes en pratique tous ces commandements que je te prescris aujourd'hui, aimant Yahweh, ton Dieu, et marchant toujours dans ses voies, — tu ajouteras encore trois villes à ces trois-là,
10 afin que le sang innocent ne soit pas versé au milieu du pays que Yahweh, ton Dieu, te donne pour héritage, et qu'il n'y ait pas de sang sur toi.
Do this in order that people who (are innocent/have killed someone else without planning to) will not die, and you will not be guilty for [allowing] them to be executed, in the land that Yahweh is giving to you.
11 Mais si un homme ayant de la haine contre son prochain, lui dresse des embûches, se jette sur lui et lui porte un coup mortel, et qu'ensuite il s'enfuie dans l'une de ces villes,
“But suppose someone hates his enemy and hides and waits for that person [to come along the road]. Then [when he passes by, suddenly] he attacks him and murders him. If the attacker flees to one of those cities [to be protected there],
12 les anciens de sa ville l'enverront saisir et le livreront entre les mains du vengeur du sang, afin qu'il meure.
the elders of the city [where the murdered man lived must not protect the attacker. They]. must send someone to the city to which the other man escaped, and bring him to [MTY] the relative who is supposed/expected to get revenge, so that he may execute that man.
13 Ton œil n'aura pas de pitié pour lui, et tu ôteras d'Israël le sang innocent, et tu prospéreras.
You must not pity those who murder other people! Instead, you must execute them, in order that the people in the land of Israel will not murder [MTY] innocent people, and in order that things will go well for you.”
14 Tu ne déplaceras pas la borne de ton prochain, posée par les ancêtres, dans l'héritage que tu auras au pays que Yahweh, ton Dieu, te donne pour le posséder.
“[When you are living] in the land that Yahweh our God is giving to you, do not move the markers of your neighbors’ property boundaries which were placed there long ago.”
15 Un seul témoin ne sera pas admis contre un homme pour constater un crime ou un péché, quel que soit le péché commis. C'est sur la parole de deux témoins ou sur la parole de trois témoins que la chose sera établie.
“If someone is accused of committing a crime, one (witness/person who says, ‘I saw him do it’) is not enough. There must be at least two (witnesses/people who say, ‘We saw him do it’). [If there is only one witness], the judge must not believe that what he says is true.
16 Lorsqu'un témoin à charge s'élèvera contre un homme pour l'accuser d'un crime,
“If someone tries to do wrong to another person by falsely accusing him,
17 les deux hommes en contestation se présenteront devant Yahweh, devant les prêtres et les juges alors en fonction;
both of them must go to the place where the people worship, to [talk to] the priests and judges who are serving at that time.
18 les juges feront avec soin une enquête et, si le témoin se trouve être un faux témoin, s'il a fait contre son frère une fausse déposition,
The judges must (investigate the case carefully/try to find out which one is telling the truth). If [the judges determine that] one of them has accused the other falsely,
19 vous lui ferez subir ce qu'il avait dessein de faire subir à son frère. Tu ôteras ainsi le mal du milieu de toi.
that person must be punished in the same way that the other one would have been punished [if the judge decided that he (was guilty/had done what is wrong)]. By punishing such people, you will get rid of this evil practice among you.
20 Les autres, en l'apprenant craindront, et l'on ne commettra plus un acte aussi mauvais au milieu de toi.
And/Because when that person is punished, everyone will hear what has happened, and they will be afraid, and no one will dare to act that way any more.
21 Ton œil sera sans pitié: vie pour vie, œil pour œil, dent pour dent, main pour main, pied pour pied.
You must not pity people who are punished like that. The rule should be that a person who has murdered someone else must be executed; one of a person’s eyes must be gouged out if he has gouged out someone else’s eye, one tooth of a person who has knocked out the tooth of another person must be knocked out; one hand of a person who has cut off the hand of another person must likewise be cut off; one foot of a person who has cut off the foot of another person must also be cut off.”
