ὡς:— Summary:
A) as
adverb of Manner.
A.Aa) ὧς and ὥς (with accent),
so, thus. A.Ab) ὡς (without accent) of the Relat.
pronoun ὅς,
as. A.Ac) ὡς Relat. and Interrog,
how. A.Ad) ὡς temporal,
when. A.Ae) ὡς Local,
where, B ) ὡς, as CONJUNCTION.
C,D) various usages.
adverb of Manner:
A.Aa)
ὥς, Demonstr, ={οὕτως},
so, thus, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in
Ionic dialect Prose, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥς simply ={οὕτως}, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.2) καὶ ὧς even
so, nevertheless, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐδ᾽ ὧς not even
so, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] are used in Trag. and
Attic dialect, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κἂν ὧς, εἴπερ μέλει σοι, ἀπόστειλόν μοί τινα [
Refs 4th c.AD+]; δουλεύων καθὼς καὶ ὧς [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; Thess. καὶ οὗς [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; for this phrase the accentuation ὧς[
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.3) in Comparisons, ὥς, ὡς,
so. as, etc; and reversely ὡς, ὣς,
as. so, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in
Attic dialect, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ὥς τε. ὣς,
as. thus, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥσπερ, ὣς δὲ. (in apodosi) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.4)
thus, for instance, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὥς should be accented in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.4.Ab)
ὡς, Relat,
as, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; properly
relative to a
demonstrative adverb, which is frequently omitted, κινήθη δ᾽ ἀγορὴ ὡς κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης, i. e. οὕτως, ὡς, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; compare ὥτε. Usage:
A.I) in similes, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; longer similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε, ἤριπε δ᾽, ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] [
Refs]; so later, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is rare in short similes, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] is followed by
indicative present, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
aorist, [
Refs]; also by
subjunctive present or
aorist, [
Refs] (sometimes ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἄν, [
Refs]; compare ὥστε A:—the Verb is sometimes omitted with ὡς, but may be supplied from the context, ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσ᾽, ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ (i.e. πίπτει) [
Refs 8th c.BC+] follows the noun to which it refers, it takes the accent; so in Comedy texts, Ἀριστόδημος ὥς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; see infr. H.
A.I.2)
like as, just as, ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκν᾽ ἔφαγε, ὣς ἡμεῖς κτλ. [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.3) sometimes in the sense
as much as or
according as, ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς (i. e. ὅσον) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ ἔννεπον ὡς (i. e. ὅσα) εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; so in Trag, σοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in Prose, ὡς δύναται
as much as he can, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὡς μή ={ὅσον μή, νέμεν ὅτι ἃν} (={ἂν}) βόλητοι ὡς μὴ ἰν τοῖ περιχώροι [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; cf. Ab. 11.2 below
A.I.4) sometimes after
comparative,
compared with, hence
than, μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως ὡς. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδενὸς μᾶλλον φροντίζειν ὡς. [
Refs 2nd c.BC+] is uncertain in [
Refs 4th c.BC+], and [ἢ] should perhaps be inserted in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare ὥσπερ IV.
A.II) with Adverbial clauses:
A.II.1) parenthetically, in qualifying clauses, ὡς ἔοικε, etc, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: in these cases γε or γοῦν is frequently added, ὡς γοῦν ὁ λόγος σημαίνει
as at any rate the argument shows, [
Refs]; in some phrases with
infinitive, see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+] τὸ σφέτερον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς γὰρ. ἤκουσά τινος, ὅτι. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἁνὴρ ὅδ᾽ ὡς ἔοικεν οὐ νεμεῖν (for οὐ νεμεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε), [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.2) in elliptical phrases,
so far as. (compare supr. Ab.[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων (i.e. εἰκάσαι) to judge by eyesight, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: especially in such phrases as οὐκέτι πολλὸν χωρίον, ὡς εἶναι Αἰγύπτου [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Αακεδαιμόνιος
for a Lacedaemonian, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; φρονεῖ. ὡς γυνὴ μέγα
for a woman, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πιστός, ὡς νομεύς, ἀνήρ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:—for ὡς εἰπεῖν and the like, see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.3) ὡς attached to the object of the Verb,
as, ἑωυτὸν ὡς ἐχθρὸν λυπέει [
Refs 5th c.BC+].— For the similar usage of ὡς with Participles and Prepositions, see below with
A.III) with Adverbs:
A.III.a) with the Posit, ὡς ἀληθῶς
truly, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἑτέρως
in the other way, [
Refs 4th c.BC+] (
adverb of ὁ ἕτερο; see at {ἕτερος} see 2) (see. below [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὡς ἠπίως, ὡς ἐτητύμως, [
LXX+5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐναλλάξ [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; in ὣς αὔτως (see. ὡσαύτως) we have the
adverb of ὁ αὐτός, but the ὥς retains its
demonstrative force, as does ὁ in Homer; ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὡς ὁμοίως, and ὡς παντελῶς may be modelled on ὣς αὔτως, with which they are nearly synonymous; so also ὡς ἑτέρως and ὡς ἐναλλάξ, which are contrasted with it.
A.III.b) with
adverbs expressing anything extraordinary, θαυμαστῶς or θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς, (see entry); ὡς is sometimes separated by several words from its
adverb, as θαυμαστῶς μοι εἶπες ὡς παρα᾽ δόξαν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.c) with the
superlative,
as much as can be, ὡς μάλιστα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
as easily
as possible, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὠς τάχιστα
as quickly
as possible, [
Refs 7th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα Diog.[
Refs 2nd c.AD+] are sometimes found together, where one is superfluous, ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; see infr. G.
A.III.d) with
comparative, ὡς θᾶσσον [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]
A.III.e) in the phrases ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον for the more part, commonly, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὡς πλήθει, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.2) with
adjectives,
A.III.2.a) Posit, ὑπερφυεῖ τινι. ὡς μεγάλῃ βλάβῃ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.2.b) with
superlative, ὡς ἄριστοι τὰς φύσεις [
Refs]
A.III.2.c) separated from the
adjective by a
preposition, ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.2.Ac) Relat. and Interrog,
how, μερμήριζε. ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσειε [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς πέπραται
how, i. e.
at what price the goods have been sold, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; so οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς. (for the more usually ὅπως) nowise can it be
that, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς οὐ, [
Refs]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησο; by a mixture of constructions for ὡς χρὴ ποιῆσαι or ὡς ποιήσεις, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς μετεύξει is
falsa lectio in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; similarly, οἶσθα. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.2) ὡς ἂν ποήσῃς
however (
in whatever way) thou mayest act, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.2.Ad) Temporal,
when, with past tenses of the
indicative, ἐνῶρτο γέλως, ὡς ἴδον [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: with
optative, to express a repeated action,
whenever, ὡς. ἐς τὴν Μιλησίην ἀπίκοιτο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with
subjunctive, to denote what happens under certain conditions, τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστός οἱ μειχθῇ, διδοῖ δῶρον [
Refs]; later, ὡς ἄν with
subjunctive,
when, [
NT+3rd c.BC+]; ὡς ἂν τάχιστα λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν
as soon
as. [
LXX+3rd c.BC+]: in indirect speech with
infinitive, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
as soon as ever, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] stand together, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]: but this usage must be distinguished from signf. Ab.111.1c: followed by
demonstrative, ὡς εἶδ᾽, ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; the second ὣς is repeated, ἁ δ᾽ Ἀταλάντα ὡς ἴδεν, ὣς ἐμάνη, ὣς ἐς βαθὺν ἅλατ᾽ ἔρωτα [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.III.2) ὡς appears to be
falsa lectio for{ἕως} in ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος. αἴρῃ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: but in later Gr. ={ἕως},
while, ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε [
NT]; also
until, τίθεται ἐπὶ ἀνθράκων ὡς ἀναξηρανθῇ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔα ἀφρίζειν τὴν πίσσαν ὡς οὗ ἐκλείπῃ [
Refs];compare [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.III.2.Ae) Local,
where, in dialects, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
B)
ὡς as CONJUNCTION:
B.I) with Substantive clauses, to express a fact, ={ὅτι},
that. B.II) with Final clauses, to express an end or purpose, ={ἵνα, ὅπως},
so that, in order that. B.III) Consecutive, ={ὥστε},
so that. B.IV) Causal,
since, because. B.I) with Substantive Clauses, with verbs of learning, saying, etc,
that, expressing a fact, γνωτὸν, ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ᾽ ἐφῆπται [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: with Verbs of fear or anxiety, with
future indicative, μηκέτ᾽ ἐκφοβοῦ, μητρῷον ὥς σε λῆμ᾽ ἀτιμάσει ποτέ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; μὴ φοβοῦ ὡς ἀπορήσεις [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; a sentence beginning with ὡς is sometimes, when interrupted, resumed by ὅτι, and vice versa, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so ὡς with a finite Verb passes into the
accusative and
infinitive, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is followed by
indicative, after historic tenses by
optative (sometimes by
indicative, both constructions in ὑπίσχοντο. ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη. ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴη [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: sometimes with
optative after a primary tense, κατάπτονται. λέγοντες ὡς Ἀρίστων. οὐ φήσειε [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.2) with Verbs of feeling, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ, ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.II) with Final Clauses,
that, in order that; in this sense ὡς and ὡς ἄν,
Epic dialect ὥς κεν, are used with the
subjunctive after primary tenses of the
indicative, and with the
optative after the past tenses, βουλὴν ὑποθησόμεθ᾽, ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
future indicative, ὡς μὴ ὦν αὐτοὶ τε ἀπολέεσθε (conjecture Cobet for ἀπόλεσθε) κἀμὲ τρώσετε, ἐς ἄλλον τινὰ δῆμον ἀποίχεσθε [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.II.2) ὡς is also used with past tenses of the
indicative to express a purpose which has not been or cannot be fulfilled, τί μ᾽ οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε;
so that I never
should, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II.3) ὡς with
infinitive, to limit an assertion, ὡς μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκέειν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; or ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν,compare ἔπος [
Refs]; ὡς συντόμως, or ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν
to speak shortly,
to be brief, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς εἰκάσαι
to make a guess, i.e. probably, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III) to express Consequence, like{ὥστε},
so that, frequently in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] in breadth
such that two triremes could sail abreast, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Trag. and Prose, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, like{ὥστε}, with Indic, οὕτω κλεινὴ ἐγένετο, ὡς. ἐξέμαθον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.2) ἢ ὡς after a
comparative, μάσσον᾽ ἢ ὡς ἰδέμεν [
Refs 5th c.BC+] too few
to, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] too old
to. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.3) ὡς is sometimes omitted where the antecedent demonstrative is expressed, οὕτω ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν διαρρήξειας so strong, you could hardly break them, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.IV) Causal,
inasmuch as, since, τί ποτε λέγεις, ὦ τέκνο; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.IV.2)
on the ground that, with
future indicative, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C)
ὡς before
C.I) Participles;
C.II) Prepositions; and
C.III) ὡς itself as a Preposition.
C.IV) with Participles in the case of the Subject, to mark the reason or motive of the action,
as if, as, ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερημένοι (i. e. ἡγούμενοι μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερῆσθαι), [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: most frequently with
participle future, διαβαίνει, ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; with
verbs of knowing, ἐπιστάσθω Κροῖσος ὡς ὕστερον. ἁλοὺς τῆς πεπρωμένης [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς μὴ 'μπολήσων ἴσθι. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.IV.2) with Participles in oblique cases, λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας they speak of us
as dead, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἐποιοῦντο, ὡς, ὅταν ἐξέλθωσιν, ἢ οὐχ ὑπομενοῦντας σφᾶς ἢ ῥᾳδίως ληψόμενοι βίᾳ made light of the matter,
in the belief that, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]—Both constructions in one sentence, τοὺς κόσμους εἴασε χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίους τε ὄντας καὶ πλέον θάτερον ἡγησάμενος ἀπεργάζεσθαι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.IV.3) with Parts. put
absolutely in
genitive, νῦν δέ, ὡς οὕτω ἐχόντων, στρατιὴν ἐκπέμπετε [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐρώτα ὅτι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: so also in
accusative, μισθὸν αἰτοῦσιν, ὡς οὐχὶ αὐτοῖσιν ὠφελίαν ἐσομένην ἐκ τοῦ ἄρχειν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: with both cases in one sentence, ὡς καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων προσδοκίμων ὄντων ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ καὶ. διαπεπολεμησόμενον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.II) ὡς before Preps, ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν (variant{-ίᾳ}) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὡς ἐπὶ τυραννίδι, expressing the purpose, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] marks an intention; not so in the following: ἀπαγγέλλετε τῇ μητρὶ [χαίρειν] ὡς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.II.b) later, in geographical expressions, of direction, προϊών, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸν Πηνειόν [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; ὡς εἰς Φηραίαν (to be read Ἡραίαν) ἰόντων [
Refs]
C.III) ὡς as a
preposition, properly in cases where the object is a person, not a place: once in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] (variant{ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον},compare αἶνος Ὁμηρικός, αἰὲν ὁμοῖον ὡς θεός. ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἔρχεται. ἕκαστον τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς τὸ ὅ, τὸ πυκνὸν ὡς τὸ πυκνόν κτλ. (with variant{ἐς}) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
as. so, in [
Refs 8th c.BC+].έ: frequently in
Attic dialect, ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ναῦς ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ὡς Φαρνάβαζον ἀποπέμπειν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; the examples of ὡς with names of places are corrupt, e.g. ὡς τὴν Μίλητον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς Ἄβυδον one Ms. in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is equivalent to ὡς ἐμὲ τὸν ἀδελφό; in [
Refs]
D)
ὡς in independent sentences:
D.I) as an exclamation,
how, mostly with
adverbs and
adjectives, ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες
how silly a heart hadst thou! [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα λιπέσθαι
how good is it, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος
how charming he is! [
LXX+5th c.BC+]; in indirect clauses, ἐθαύμασα τοῦτο, ὡς ἡδέως. ἀπεδέξατο marvelled
at seeing how, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
D.I.2) with Verbs, ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί
how constantly, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάρις μετόπισθ᾽ εὐεργέων
how little thanks remain! [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ὄχλος νιν. ἀμφέπει
see how, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ὑπερδέδοικά σου
how greatly, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
D.II) to mark a wish,
oh that! with
optative alone, ὡς ἔρις. ἀπόλοιτο [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ὡς ἄν or κε with
optative, ὡς ἂν ἔπειτ᾽ ἀπὸ σεῖο οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
D.II.2) joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
E)
ὡς with numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number,
as it were, about, nearly, σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ὡς πέντε μάλιστά κῃ
about five (see. μάλα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:—also with words compounded with numerals, δέπας. ὡς τριλάγυνον [
Refs 7th c.BC+]; παῖς ὡς ἑπτέτης of
some seven years, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
F)
ὡς in some elliptical (or apparently elliptical) phrases:
F.1) ὡς τί δὴ τόδε (i.e. γένηται);
to what end? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
F.2)
know that (i.e. ἴσθι), ὡς ἔστιν ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε τἄργα ταῦτά σοι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Comedy texts, ὡς ἔστ᾽ ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
F.3) ὡς ἕκαστος, ἕκαστοι, each
severally (whether in respect of time, place, or other difference), ξυνελέγοντο. Κορίνθιοι δισχίιοι ὁπλῖται, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι ὡς ἕκαστοι, Φλειάσιοι δὲ πανστρατιᾷ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἑκάστη [ξυνέβη] (ξ. secl. Krüger: ἀπὸ κοινοῦ ἐδουλώθη [
Refs]; χρησμολόγοι τε ᾖδον χρησμοὺς παντοίους, ὧν ἀκροᾶσθαι ὡς ἕκαστος ὥρμητο, i. e. different persons ran to listen to different prophecies, [
Refs]; τὰς ἄλλας ὡς ἑκάστην ποι ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν ἀναδησάμενοι ἐκόμιζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν they made fast to the rest
wherever each (ship) had been run ashore, [
Refs]; οἱ δ᾽ οὖν ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες κατὰ πόλεις τε ὅσοι ἀλλήλων ξυνίεσαν καὶ ξύμπαντες ὕστερον κληθέντες οὐδὲν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν. ἁθρόοι ἔπραξαν the
various peoples that were later called by the common name of Greeks, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἑκάστην (
one by one) αἱρέοντες (i.e. τὰς νήσους) οἱ βάρβαροι ἐσαγήνευον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; rarely with a Verb, ὡς ἕκαστος ἀπικνέοιτο [
Refs 5th c.BC+] follows ἕκαστος, ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως [
NT]:—for the etymology see infr. H; also ὡς ἑκάτεροι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
G)
ὡς pleonastic in ὡς ὅτι [
NT+8th c.BC+]
H) Etymology: this word is in origin five distinct words: [
Refs]
as' is the
adverb from the Relat. ὅς (I.-[
Refs 5th c.BC+] stem
yo-); with ὡς βέλτιστος cf. Sanskrit
yācchrē[snull][tnull]á[hudot] 'the best possible': (2) ὧς '
thus' is the
adverb of a Demonstr. stem
so- found in Sanskrit
sa, Gr. ὁ, Latin
sō-c ([
Refs]; = ita, cf. Umbr.
esoc); (3) ὡς postpositive (ὄρνιθες ὥς, etc.) constantly makes a preceding short closed syllable long in [
Refs 8th c.BC+], and must therefore have been ϝω; it may perhaps be related to Sanskrit
vā, a form of
va, iva (= [
Refs]
like), Latin
ve, Gr. ἦ[ϝ] ; [
Refs]
to' is of doubtful origin (perhaps from *ὠς,
cognate with Latin
ōs 'face', Sanskrit
ās: ὤς τινα ἐλθεῖν like{τί δέ δε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος};); (5) ὡς F. 3 is probably ϝως,
adverb of ϝός the reflexive
adjective, and means literal
in his (their) own way (or
place); it is idiomatically placed before ἕκαστος (ἑκάτερος),compare ϝὸν ϝεκάτερος [
Refs]