< Leviticus 11 >
1 Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,
Yahweh said to Aaron and Moses/me,
2 “Speak to the people of Israel, saying, 'These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.
“Tell the Israeli people that [this is what Yahweh says]: From all the animals that live on the land, these are the ones that you are permitted to eat:
3 You may eat any animal that has a split hoof and that also chews the cud.
The ones that have hooves that are completely split and that (chew their cuds/bring their food up from their stomachs to chew it again).
4 However, some animals either chew the cud or have a split hoof, and you must not eat them, animals such as the camel, because it chews the cud but does not have a split hoof. So the camel is unclean to you.
There are some animals that chew their cuds but do not have split hooves, and some animals that have split hooves but do not chew their cuds. You must not eat any of those animals. [For example], camels chew their cuds but do not have split hooves, so they are unacceptable for you to eat.
5 Also the rock badger, because it chews the cud but does not have a split hoof, it is also unclean to you.
Rock badgers chew their cuds but do not have split hooves, so they are unacceptable for you to eat.
6 The rabbit, because it chews the cud, but does not have a split hoof, is unclean to you.
Rabbits chew their cuds but do not have split hooves, so they are unacceptable for you to eat.
7 The pig, although it has a split hoof, does not chew the cud, is unclean to you.
Pigs have completely split hooves but they do not chew their cuds, so they are unacceptable for you to eat.
8 You must not eat any of their meat, nor touch their carcasses. They are unclean to you.
All of those animals are unacceptable for you, so you must not eat their meat or even touch their carcasses.
9 The animals living in the water that you may eat are all those that have fins and scales, whether in the ocean or in the rivers.
From all the creatures that live in the oceans and the streams, you are permitted to eat any that have fins and scales.
10 But all living creatures that do not have fins and scales in the ocean or rivers, including all that move in the water and all the living creatures that are in the water— they must be detested by you.
But you must detest [and not eat] those that do not have fins and scales. That includes ones that are very small.
11 Since they must be detested, you must not eat of their meat; also, their carcasses must be detested.
You must despise them, and you must not eat their meat, and you must detest their carcasses.
12 Whatever has no fins or scales in the water must be detested by you.
You must detest everything that lives in the water that does not have fins and scales.
13 The birds you must detest and that you must not eat are these: the eagle, the vulture,
There are some birds that you must detest [and not eat]. They include eagles, bearded vultures, black vultures,
14 the kite, any kind of falcon,
kites, any kind of falcon/buzzard,
16 the horned owl and the screech owl, the seagull, and any kind of hawk.
horned owls, screech owls, seagulls, any kind of hawk,
17 You must also detest the little owl and the great owl, the cormorant,
small owls, cormorants, large owls,
18 the white owl and the barn owl, the osprey,
white owls, desert owls, vultures that eat dead animals,
19 the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and also the bat.
storks, any kind of heron, hoopoes, and bats.
20 All winged insects that walk on four legs are detestable to you.
You must detest [and not eat] flying insects that [sometimes] walk on the ground [MTY].
21 Yet you may eat any of the flying insects that also walk on four legs if they have jointed legs for hopping on the ground.
But you are permitted to eat creatures with wings that sometimes walk on the ground if they have jointed legs for hopping around.
22 You may also eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper.
They include locusts, crickets, and grasshoppers.
23 But all the flying insects that have four feet must be detested by you.
But you must detest [and not eat] other insects with wings that have four legs.
24 You will become unclean until evening by these animals if you touch a carcass of one of them.
‘There are certain creatures that if you touch their carcasses you will become defiled. Anyone who touches their carcasses must not touch other people until that evening.
25 Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes and remain unclean until evening.
Anyone who picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes and not touch other people until that evening.
26 Every animal which has a split hoof that is not completely divided or which does not chew the cud is unclean to you. Everyone who touches them will be unclean.
‘The animals whose carcasses you must not touch are those that have hooves that are not completely divided or animals that do not chew their cuds. Anyone who touches the carcasses of any of those animals becomes (defiled/unacceptable to me).
27 Whatever walks on its paws among all the animals that walk on all four legs, they are unclean to you. Whoever touches such a carcass will be unclean until the evening.
From all the animals that walk on the ground, you must not touch the carcasses of those that have paws to walk on. Anyone who touches one of their carcasses must not touch other people until that evening.
28 Whoever picks up such a carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening. These animals will be unclean to you.
Anyone who picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes and not touch other people until that evening, because touching their carcasses (defiles you/causes you to become unacceptable to me).
29 Of the animals that creep on the ground, these are the animals that will be unclean to you: the weasel, the rat, every kind of large lizard,
‘From all the animals that walk on the ground, these are the ones that (defile you/cause you to become unacceptable to me) [if you touch them]: Moles, rats, any kind of lizard,
30 the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon.
geckos, skinks, and chameleons.
31 Of all the animals that creep, these are the animals which will be unclean to you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean until evening.
Those creatures that scurry across the ground (defile you/cause you to become unacceptable to me); anyone who touches one of their carcasses must not touch other people until the evening.
32 If any of them dies and falls on anything, that thing will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, leather, or sackcloth. Whatever it is and whatever it is used for, it must be put into water; it will be unclean until evening. Then it will be clean.
When one of those creatures dies and falls on something, the thing that it falls on, whatever it is used for, will become (defiled/unacceptable to me), whether it is made of wood or cloth or the hide of some animal or from rough cloth. You must put it in water. Then you must not use it until that evening.
33 For every clay pot into or onto which any unclean animal falls, whatever is in the pot will become unclean, and you must destroy that pot.
If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it becomes defiled, and you must break that pot into pieces.
34 Any food that could be eaten but has water on it from such a pot is unclean. Any liquid that is for drinking from such a pot is unclean.
If you pour water from that pot on any food, you must not eat that food. And you must not drink any water from that pot.
35 Anything that one of their carcasses falls on becomes unclean; if it is an oven or small stove, it must be broken to pieces. They are unclean and they must remain unclean to you.
Anything that one of the carcasses of those creatures falls on becomes (defiled/unacceptable to me); even if it falls on an oven or a cooking pot, anything that it falls on must be broken into pieces. It becomes unacceptable to me and you must not use it again.
36 A spring or cistern for collecting water remains clean; but anyone who touches their carcass is unclean.
If one of their carcasses falls into a spring or a pit for storing water, the water may still be drunk, but anyone who touches one of those carcasses becomes unacceptable to me.
37 If any part of their carcass falls upon any seeds for planting, those seeds will still be clean.
If one of those carcasses falls on seeds that are to be planted, those seeds are still acceptable to be planted.
38 But if water is put on the seeds, and if any part of their carcass falls on them, then they will be unclean to you.
But if water has been put on the seeds and then a carcass falls on them, the seeds must be thrown away.
39 If any animal that you may eat dies, then he who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening.
‘If an animal [whose meat] you are permitted to eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass must not touch other people until that evening.
40 Whoever eats any of that carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. Anyone who picks up such a carcass will wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.
Anyone who eats some meat from that carcass must wash his clothes, and then he must not touch anyone until that evening.
41 Every animal that creeps on the ground is to be detested; it must not be eaten.
‘All creatures that scurry across the ground, including those that move on their bellies and those that crawl, are detestable, and they must not be eaten.
42 Whatever crawls on its belly, and whatever walks on all four legs, or whatever has many feet—all the animals that creep on the ground, these you must not eat, for they are to be detested.
43 You must not make yourselves unclean with any living creatures that creep; you must not make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be made impure by them.
Do not (defile yourselves/cause you to become unacceptable to me) by [eating] any of those creatures [DOU].
44 For I am Yahweh your God. You are to keep yourselves holy, therefore, and be holy, because I am holy. You must not defile yourselves with any kind of animal that moves about on the ground.
I am Yahweh your God, and I am holy, so you must consecrate yourselves and be holy. You must avoid eating things that cause you to be unacceptable to me. Do not cause yourselves to become unacceptable to me by eating creatures that scurry across the ground.
45 For I am Yahweh, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God. You must therefore be holy, for I am holy.
I am Yahweh, the one who freed you from [being slaves in] Egypt, in order to be your God. Therefore, because I am holy, you must be holy.
46 This is the law regarding the animals, the birds, every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the ground,
'Those are the regulations concerning animals and birds, all the living creatures that live in water or scurry across the ground.
47 for which a distinction is to be made between the unclean and the clean, and between the living things that may be eaten and the living things that may not be eaten.'”
You must learn what things [I say] are acceptable to me and what things are not, and learn what things you are permitted to eat and what things you are not permitted to eat.’”