Exodus 21
1 “Here are some [other] instructions to give to [the Israeli people]:
И вот законы, которые ты объявишь им:
2 When/If you buy a Hebrew slave, he is to serve you for [only] six years. In the seventh year you must free him [from being your slave], and he is not required to pay you anything [for setting him free].
если купишь раба Еврея, пусть он работает тебе шесть лет, а в седьмой год пусть выйдет на волю даром;
3 If he was not married before he became your slave, and if he marries [someone while he is your slave], his wife is not to be set free [with him]. But if he was married before he became your slave, you must free both him and his wife.
если он пришел один, пусть один и выйдет; а если он женатый, пусть выйдет с ним и жена его;
4 If a slave’s master gives him a wife, and she gives birth to sons or daughters [while her husband is a slave], only the man is to be freed. His wife and children will continue to be slaves of their master.
если же господин его дал ему жену и она родила ему сынов, или дочерей, то жена и дети ее пусть останутся у господина ее, а он выйдет один;
5 But when it is time for the slave to be set free, if the slave says, ‘I love my master and my wife and my children, and I do not want to be set free,’
но если раб скажет: люблю господина моего, жену мою и детей моих, не пойду на волю,
6 then his master must take him to [the place where they worship] God (OR, to [the owner’s] house). There he must make the slave stand against the door or the doorpost. Then the master will use an (awl/pointed metal rod) to make a hole in the slave’s ear. Then [he will fasten a tag to the slave’s ear to indicate that] (he will own that slave for the rest of his life/he will own the slave as long as the slave lives).
то пусть господин его приведет его пред богов и поставит его к двери, или к косяку, и проколет ему господин его ухо шилом, и он останется рабом его вечно.
7 If a man sells his daughter to become a slave, she should not be set free [after six years], as the male slaves are.
Если кто продаст дочь свою в рабыни, то она не может выйти, как выходят рабы;
8 If the man who bought her wanted her to be his wife, but if [later] he is not pleased with her, he must sell her back to her father. He must not sell her to a foreigner, because that would be breaking the contract/agreement [he made with the girl’s father].
если она не угодна господину своему и он не обручит ее, пусть позволит выкупить ее; а чужому народу продать ее господин не властен, когда сам пренебрег ее;
9 If the man who buys her wants her to be a wife for his son, he must then treat her as though she were his own daughter.
если он обручит ее сыну своему, пусть поступит с нею по праву дочерей;
10 If the master takes another slave girl to be another wife for himself, he must continue to give the first slave wife the same amount of food and clothing that he gave to her before, and he must continue to have sex [EUP] with her as before.
если же другую возьмет за него, то она не должна лишаться пищи, одежды и супружеского сожития;
11 If he does not do all these three things for her, he must free her [from being a slave], and she is not required to pay anything [for being set free].
а если он сих трех вещей не сделает для нее, пусть она отойдет даром, без выкупа.
12 You must execute anyone who strikes another person with the result that the person who is struck dies.
Кто ударит человека так, что он умрет, да будет предан смерти;
13 But if the one who struck the other did not intend to kill that person, the one who struck him can escape to a place that I will choose for you, [and he will be safe there].
но если кто не злоумышлял, а Бог попустил ему попасть под руки его, то Я назначу у тебя место, куда убежать убийце;
14 But if someone gets angry with another person and kills him, even if the murderer runs to the altar, [a place that God designated as a place to be safe], you must execute him.
а если кто с намерением умертвит ближнего коварно и прибежит к жертвеннику, то и от жертвенника Моего бери его на смерть.
15 Anyone who strikes his father or mother must surely be executed.
Кто ударит отца своего, или свою мать, того должно предать смерти.
16 Anyone who kidnaps another person, either in order to sell that person or to keep him as a slave, must be executed.
Кто украдет человека из сынов Израилевых и поработив его продаст его, или найдется он в руках у него, то должно предать его смерти.
17 Anyone who reviles/curses his father or his mother must be executed.
Кто злословит отца своего, или свою мать, того должно предать смерти.
18 Suppose two people fight, and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist. And suppose the person he strikes does not die but is injured and has to stay in bed [for a while],
Когда ссорятся двое, и один человек ударит другого камнем, или кулаком, и тот не умрет, но сляжет в постель,
19 and later he is able to walk outside using a cane. Then the person who struck him does not have to be punished. However, he must pay the injured person the money he could not earn [while he was recovering], and he must also pay the injured person’s medical expenses until that person is well.
то, если он встанет и будет выходить из дома с помощью палки, ударивший его не будет повинен смерти; только пусть заплатит за остановку в его работе и даст на лечение его.
20 If someone strikes his male or female slave with a stick, if the slave dies (immediately/as a result) [IDM], the one who struck him must be punished.
А если кто ударит раба своего, или служанку свою палкою, и они умрут под рукою его, то он должен быть наказан;
21 But if the slave lives for a day or two after he is struck [and then dies], you must not punish the one who struck him. Not having that slave to be able to work for him any longer is enough punishment.
но если они день или два дня переживут, то не должно наказывать его, ибо это его серебро.
22 Suppose two people are fighting and they hurt a pregnant woman with the result that (she has a miscarriage/her baby is born prematurely and dies). If the woman is not harmed in any other way, the one who injured her must pay a fine. He must pay whatever the woman’s husband demands, after a judge approves of the fine.
Когда дерутся люди, и ударят беременную женщину, и она выкинет, но не будет другого вреда, то взять с виновного пеню, какую наложит на него муж той женщины, и он должен заплатить оную при посредниках;
23 But if the woman is injured in some additional way, the one who injured her must be caused to suffer in exactly the same way [that he caused her to suffer]. If she dies, he must be executed.
а если будет вред, то отдай душу за душу,
24 If her eye is injured or destroyed, or if he knocks out one of her teeth, or her hand or foot is injured, or if she is burned or bruised, the one who injured her must be injured in the same way.
глаз за глаз, зуб за зуб, руку за руку, ногу за ногу,
обожжение за обожжение, рану за рану, ушиб за ушиб.
26 If the owner of a slave strikes the eye of his male or female slave and ruins it, he must free that slave because of [what he did to] the slave’s eye.
Если кто раба своего ударит в глаз, или служанку свою в глаз, и повредит его, пусть отпустит их на волю за глаз;
27 If someone knocks out one of his slave’s teeth, he must free the slave because of [what he did to] the slave’s tooth.
и если выбьет зуб рабу своему, или рабе своей, пусть отпустит их на волю за зуб.
28 If a bull gores a man or woman with the result that the person dies, you [must kill the bull by] throwing stones at it, but you must not punish the owner of the bull.
Если вол забодает мужчину или женщину до смерти, то вола побить камнями и мяса его не есть; а хозяин вола не виноват;
29 But suppose the bull had attacked people several times before, and its owner had been warned, but he did not keep the bull inside a fence. Then you [must kill the bull by] throwing stones at it, but you must also execute its owner.
но если вол бодлив был и вчера и третьего дня, и хозяин его, быв извещен о сем, не стерег его, а он убил мужчину или женщину, то вола побить камнями, и хозяина его предать смерти;
30 However, if the owner of the bull is allowed to pay a fine (to save his own life/in order not to be executed), he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay.
если на него наложен будет выкуп, пусть даст выкуп за душу свою, какой наложен будет на него.
31 If someone’s bull attacks and gores another person’s son or daughter, you must treat the bull’s owner according to that same rule.
Сына ли забодает, дочь ли забодает, - по сему же закону поступать с ним.
32 If a bull attacks and gores a male or female slave, its owner must pay to the slave’s owner 30 pieces of silver. Then you must [kill the bull by] throwing stones at it.
Если вол забодает раба или рабу, то господину их заплатить тридцать сиклей серебра, а вола побить камнями.
33 Suppose someone has a pit/cistern and does not keep it covered, and someone’s bull or donkey falls into it [and dies].
Если кто раскроет яму, или если выкопает яму и не покроет ее, и упадет в нее вол или осел,
34 Then the owner of the pit/cistern must pay for the animal that died. He must give the money to the animal’s owner, but then he can take away the animal that died and [do whatever he wants to with it].
то хозяин ямы должен заплатить, отдать серебро хозяину их, а труп будет его.
35 If someone’s bull hurts another person’s bull with the result that it dies, the owners of both bulls must sell the bull that is living, and they must divide [between them] the money [that they receive] for it. They must also divide [between them the meat of] the animal that died.
Если чей-нибудь вол забодает до смерти вола у соседа его, пусть продадут живого вола и разделят пополам цену его; также и убитого пусть разделят пополам;
36 However, if people know that the bull often attacked other animals previously, and its owner did not keep it inside a fence, then the owner of that bull must give the owner of the bull that died one of his own bulls, but he can take away the animal that died [and do with it whatever he wants to do].”
а если известно было, что вол бодлив был и вчера и третьего дня, но хозяин его быв извещен о сем не стерег его, то должен он заплатить вола за вола, а убитый будет его.
