Genesis 10

1 And these [are] the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and sons are born to them after the flood.

(This is/I will now give) a list of the descendants of Noah’s sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. They had many children after the flood.

2 Sons of Japheth [are] Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.

The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

3 And sons of Gomer [are] Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

The sons of Gomer were Askenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

4 And sons of Javan [are] Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

The sons of Javan were Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

5 By these the islands of the nations have been parted in their lands, each by his tongue, by their families, in their nations.

Those sons and their families who were descended from Javan lived on the islands and on the land close to the [Mediterranean] Sea. Their descendants became tribes, each with its own language and clans and territory.

6 And sons of Ham [are] Cush, and Mitzraim, and Phut, and Canaan.

The descendants of Ham were Cush, Egypt, Put, and Canaan.

7 And sons of Cush [are] Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtechah; and sons of Raamah [are] Sheba and Dedan.

The descendants of Cush were Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. The descendants of Raamah were Sheba and Dedan.

8 And Cush has begotten Nimrod;

Another one of Cush’s descendants was Nimrod. Nimrod was the first person on earth who became a mighty warrior.

9 he has begun to be a hero in the land; he has been a hero in hunting before YHWH; therefore it is said, “As Nimrod the hero [in] hunting before YHWH.”

Yahweh saw that he had become (OR, caused him to become) a great hunter. That is why people say to a great hunter, “Yahweh (sees that you are/has caused you to be) a great hunter like Nimrod.”

10 And the first part of his kingdom is Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar;

Nimrod became a king who ruled in Babylonia. The first cities over which he ruled were Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh.

11 from that land he has gone out to Asshur, and builds Nineveh, even the broad places of the city, and Calah,

From there he went [with others] to Assyria and built the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,

12 and Resen, between Nineveh and Calah; it [is] the great city.

and Resen. Resen was a large city between Nineveh and Calah.

13 And Mitzraim has begotten the Ludim, and the Anamim, and the Lehabim, and the Naphtuhim,

Ham’s son, Egypt, became the ancestor of the Lud, Anam, Lehab and Naphtuh,

14 and the Pathrusim, and the Casluhim (from where have come out Philistim), and the Caphtorim.

Pathrus, Casluh and Caphtor people-groups. The Philistine people were descended from Casluh.

15 And Canaan has begotten Sidon his firstborn, and Heth,

Ham’s youngest son, Canaan, became the father of Sidon, who was his eldest son, and Heth, his younger son.

16 and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,

Canaan was also the ancestor of the Jebus, Amor, Girgash,

17 and the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,

Hiv, Ark, Sin,

18 and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward the families of the Canaanite have been scattered.

Arved, Zemar and Hamath people-groups. Later the descendants of Canaan dispersed over a large area.

19 And the border of the Canaanite is from Sidon, [in] your coming toward Gerar, to Gaza; [in] your coming toward Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, to Lasha.

Their land extended from Sidon [city] in the north as far south as Gaza [town], and then to the east as far as Gerar [town], and then farther east to Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim [towns], and even as far as Lasha [town].

20 These [are] sons of Ham, by their families, by their tongues, in their lands, in their nations.

Those are the descendants of Ham. They became groups that had their own clans, their own languages, and their own land.

21 As for Shem, father of all sons of Eber, the older brother of Japheth, he has also begotten.

Shem, the older brother of Japheth, became the father of Eber, and the ancestor of all the descendants of Eber.

22 Sons of Shem [are] Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.

23 And sons of Aram [are] Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash.

The sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.

24 And Arphaxad has begotten Salah, and Salah has begotten Eber.

Arphaxad became the father of Shelah. Shelah became the father of Eber.

25 And two sons have been born to Eber; the name of the first [is] Peleg (for in his days the earth has been divided), and his brother’s name [is] Joktan.

Eber became the father of two sons. One of them was named Peleg, [which means ‘division’], because during the time he lived, people on [MTY] the earth became divided and scattered everywhere. Peleg’s younger brother was Joktan.

26 And Joktan has begotten Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah,

Joktan became the ancestor of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,

27 and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,

Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,

28 and Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,

Obal, Abimael, Sheba,

29 and Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab; all these [are] sons of Joktan;

Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All those people were descended from Joktan.

30 and their dwelling is from Mesha, [in] your coming toward Sephar, a mountain of the east.

The areas in which they lived extended from Mesha westward to Sephar, which is in the (hill country/area that has a lot of hills).

31 These [are] sons of Shem, by their families, by their tongues, in their lands, by their nations.

They are descendants of Shem. They became groups that had their own clans, their own languages, and their own land.

32 These [are] families of the sons of Noah, by their generations, in their nations, and by these the nations have been parted in the earth after the flood.

All those groups descended from the sons of Noah. Each group had its own (genealogy/record of people’s ancestors) and each became a separate ethnic group. Those ethnic groups formed after the flood and spread all around the earth.