< Deuteronomy 4 >

1 And now, Israel, hear the ordinances and judgments, all that I teach you this day to do: that you may live, and be multiplied, and that you may go in and inherit the land, which the Lord God of your fathers gives you.
وَالآنَ أَصْغُوا يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَى الشَّرَائِعِ وَالأَحْكَامِ الَّتِي أُعَلِّمُهَا لَكُمْ لِتَعْمَلُوا بِها، فَتَحْيَوْا وَتَدْخُلُوا لاِمْتِلاكِ الأَرْضِ الَّتِي يُوَرِّثُهَا لَكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ١
2 You shall not add to the word which I command you, and you shall not take from it: keep the commandments of the Lord our God, all that I command you this day.
لَا تُضِيفُوا عَلَى مَا أُوصِيكُمْ بِهِ وَلا تُنَقِّصُوا مِنْهُ، بَلْ أَطِيعُوا أَوَامِرَ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمُ الَّتِي أُوْصِيكُمْ بِها.٢
3 Your eyes have seen all that the Lord our God did in [the case of] Beel-phegor; for every man that went after Beel-phegor, the Lord your God has utterly destroyed him from among you.
لَقَدْ شَهِدَتْ أَعْيُنُكُمْ مَا أَنْزَلَ الرَّبُّ بِبَعْلِ فَغُورَ، إِذْ أَبَادَ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ مِنْ بَيْنِكُمْ كُلَّ مَنْ غَوَى وَرَاءَ بَعْلِ فَغُورَ.٣
4 But you that kept close to the Lord your God are all alive today.
وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ تَعَلَّقْتُمْ بِالرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ فَجَمِيعُكُمْ أَحْيَاءُ الْيَوْمَ.٤
5 Behold, I have shown you ordinances and judgments as the Lord commanded me, that you should do so in the land into which you go to inherit it.
انْظُرُوا، هَا أَنَا قَدْ عَلَّمْتُكُمْ شَرَائِعَ وَأَحْكَاماً كَمَا أَمَرَنِي الرَّبُّ إِلَهِي لِتَعْمَلُوا بِمُوْجِبِهَا فِي الأَرْضِ الَّتِي أَنْتُمْ مَاضُونَ إِلَيْهَا لِتَرِثُوهَا.٥
6 And you shall keep and do them: for this is your wisdom and understanding before all nations, as many as shall hear all these ordinances; and they shall say, Behold, this great nation [is] a wise and understanding people.
فَاحْفَظُوهَا وَطَبِّقُوهَا، لأَنَّهَا هِيَ حِكْمَتُكُمْ وَفِطْنَتُكُمْ لَدَى الشُّعُوبِ الَّذِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الشَّرَائِعِ، فَيَقُولُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّعْبَ الْعَظِيمَ هُوَ حَقّاً شَعْبٌ حَكِيمٌ فَطِنٌ.٦
7 For what manner of nation [is so] great, which has God so near to them as the Lord our God [is] in all things in whatever we may call upon him?
لأَنَّهُ أَيُّ شَعْبٍ، مَهْمَا عَظُمَ، لَهُ آلِهَةٌ قَرِيبَةٌ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِنَا فِي كُلِّ مَا نَدْعُوهُ؟٧
8 And what manner of nation [is so] great, which has righteous ordinances and judgments according to all this law, which I set before you this day?
وَأَيُّ شَعْبٍ، مَهْمَا عَظُمَ، لَدَيْهِ شَرَائِعُ وَأَحْكَامٌ عَادِلَةٌ نَظِيرُ هَذِهِ الشَّرَائِعِ الَّتِي أَضَعُهَا الْيَوْمَ أَمَامَكُمْ؟٨
9 Take heed to yourself, and keep your heart diligently: forget not any of the things, which your eyes have seen, and let them not depart from your heart all the days of your life; and you shall teach your sons and your sons' sons,
إِنَّمَا احْتَرِزُوا وَاحْذَرُوا لِئَلّا تَنْسَوْا الأُمُورَ الَّتِي شَهِدَتْهَا أَعْيُنُكُمْ فَلا تَنْمَحِي مِنْ قُلُوبِكُمْ كُلَّ أَيَّامِ حَيَاتِكُمْ. وَعَلِّمُوهَا لأَوْلادِكُمْ وَلأَحْفَادِكُمْ.٩
10 [even the things that happened in] the day in which you stood before the Lord our God in Choreb in the day of the assembly; for the Lord said to me, Gather the people to me, and let them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days which they live upon the earth, and they shall teach their sons.
فَفِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي مَثَلْتُمْ فِيهِ أَمَامَ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ فِي جَبَلِ حُورِيبَ، حِينَ قَالَ لِي الرَّبُّ: اجْمَعْ لِيَ الشَّعْبَ حَتَّى أُسْمِعَهُمْ كَلامِي، فَيَتَعَلَّمُوا مَخَافَتِي طَوَالَ أَيَّامِ حَيَاتِهِمْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ، وَيُعَلِّمُوا أَوْلادَهُمْ أَيْضاً.١٠
11 And you drew near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire up to heaven: [there was] darkness, blackness, [and] tempest.
فَتَقَدَّمْتُمْ وَوَقَفْتُمْ عِنْدَ سَفْحِ الْجَبَلِ الْمُشْتَعِلِ بِنَارٍ امْتَدَّتْ أَلْسِنَةُ لَهَبِهَا إِلَى كَبِدِ السَّمَاءِ، وَتَلَفَّعَتْ بِسُحُبٍ دَاكِنَةٍ وَضَبَابٍ.١١
12 And the Lord spoke to you out of the midst of the fire a voice of words, which you heard: and you saw no likeness, only [you heard] a voice.
فَخَاطَبَكُمُ الرَّبُّ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ، فَسَمِعْتُمْ صَوْتَ كَلِمَاتِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُبْصِرُوا لَهُ صُورَةً.١٢
13 And he announced to you his covenant, which he commanded you to keep, even the ten commandments; and he wrote them on two tables of stone.
وَأَعْلَنَ لَكُمْ عَهْدَهُ، الْوَصَايَا الْعَشَرَ الَّتِي نَقَشَهَا عَلَى لَوْحَيْ حَجَرٍ، وَأَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تَعْمَلُوا بِها.١٣
14 And the Lord commanded me at that time, to teach you ordinances and judgments, that you should do them on the land, into which you go to inherit it.
كَمَا أَمَرَنِي فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكُمْ شَرَائِعَهُ وَأَحْكَامَهُ لِتُطَبِّقُوهَا فِي الأَرْضِ الَّتِي أَنْتُمْ مَاضُونَ إِلَيْهَا لِتَرِثُوهَا.١٤
15 And take good heed to your hearts, for you saw no similitude in the day in which the Lord spoke to you in Choreb in the mountain out of the midst of the fire:
فَاحْذَرُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ جِدّاً، فَأَنْتُمْ لَمْ تَرَوْا صُورَةً مَا حِينَ خَاطَبَكُمُ الرَّبُّ فِي جَبَلِ حُورِيبَ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ.١٥
16 lest you transgress, and make to yourselves a carved image, any kind of figure, the likeness of male or female,
لِئَلّا تَفْسَدُوا فَتَنْحَتُوا لَكُمْ تِمْثَالاً لِصُورَةٍ مَا لِمِثَالِ رَجُلٍ أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ.١٦
17 the likeness of any beast of those that are on the earth, the likeness of any winged bird which flies under heaven,
أَوْ شِبْهَ بَهِيمَةٍ مَا مِمَّا عَلَى الأَرْضِ، أَوْ شِبْهَ طَيْرٍ مَا مِنْ طُيُورِ السَّمَاءِ.١٧
18 the likeness of any reptile which creeps on the earth, the likeness of any fish of those which are in the waters under the earth;
أَوْ شِبْهَ كَائِنٍ مَا مِنْ زَوَاحِفِ الأَرْضِ، أَوْ شِبْهَ سَمَكٍ مَا مِمَّا فِي الْمَاءِ تَحْتَ الأَرْضِ.١٨
19 and lest having looked up to the sky, and having seen the sun and the moon and the stars, and all the heavenly bodies, you should go astray and worship them, and serve them, which the Lord your God has distributed to all the nations under heaven.
أَوْ لِئَلّا تَتَطَلَّعُوا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَتُشَاهِدُوا الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ وَالأَجْرَامَ السَّمَاوِيَّةَ الَّتِي وَزَّعَهَا الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الأُمَمِ الَّتِي تَحْتَ السَّمَاءِ، فَتَغْوُوا وَتَسْجُدُوا لَهَا وَتَعْبُدُوهَا.١٩
20 But God took you, and led you forth out of the land of Egypt, out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be to him a people of inheritance, as at this day.
أَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَقَدِ اخْتَارَكُمُ الرَّبُّ وَأَخْرَجَكُمْ مِنْ أَتُونِ الْحَدِيدِ مِنْ دِيَارِ مِصْرَ لِتَكُونُوا لَهُ شَعْبَ مِيرَاثِهِ، كَمَا أَنْتُمُ الْيَوْمَ.٢٠
21 And the Lord God was angry with me for the things said by you, and sware that I should not go over this Jordan, and that I should not enter into the land, which the Lord your God gives you for an inheritance.
وَلَكِنَّ الرَّبَّ غَضِبَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَجْلِكُمْ وَأَقْسَمَ أَلّا أَعْبُرَ نَهْرَ الأُرْدُنِّ وَلا أَطَأَ الأَرْضَ الْخَصِيبَةَ الَّتِي وَهَبَكُمْ إِيَّاهَا الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ نَصِيباً.٢١
22 For I am to die in this land, and shall not pass over this Jordan; but you are to pass over, and shall inherit this good land.
كَذَلِكَ فَأَنَا أَمُوتُ فِي هَذِهِ الأَرْضِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ أَجْتَازَ نَهْرَ الأُرْدُنِّ. وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَتَعْبُرُونَهُ وَتَرِثُونَ تِلْكَ الأَرْضَ الْخَصِيبَةَ.٢٢
23 Take heed to yourselves, lest you forget the covenant of the Lord our God, which he made with you, and you transgress, and make to yourselves a graven image of any of the things concerning which the Lord your God commanded you.
وَلَكِنْ إِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ تَنْسَوْا عَهْدَ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمُ الَّذِي قَطَعَهُ مَعَكُمْ وَتَنْحَتُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ تِمْثَالاً لِصُورَةٍ مَا مِمَّا نَهَاكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ عَنْهُ.٢٣
24 For the Lord your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.
لأَنَّ الرَّبَّ إِلَهَكُمْ هُوَ نَارٌ آكِلَةٌ وَإِلَهٌ غَيُورٌ.٢٤
25 And when you shall have begotten sons, and shall have sons' sons, and you shall have lived a long time on the land, and shall have transgressed, and made a graven image of any thing, and shall have done wickedly before the Lord your God to provoke him;
وَإذَا أَنْجَبْتُمْ بَنِينَ وَأَحْفَاداً وَمَكَثْتُمْ طَوِيلاً فِي الأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ غَوَيْتُمْ فَنَحَتُّمْ لَكُمْ تِمْثَالاً لِصُورَةِ شَيْءٍ مَا، وَارْتَكَبْتُمُ الشَّرَّ فِي عَيْنَيِ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ لإِثَارَةِ غَيْظِهِ،٢٥
26 I call heaven and earth this day to witness against you, that you shall surely perish from off the land, into which you go across Jordan to inherit it there; you shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall be utterly cut off.
فَإِنَّنِي أُشْهِدُ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ السَّمَاءَ وَالأَرْضَ، أَنَّكُمْ تَنْقَرِضُونَ سَرِيعاً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي أَنْتُمْ عَابِرُونَ نَهْرَ الأُرْدُنِّ إِلَيْهَا لِتَرِثُوهَا، وَلَنْ تَطُولَ بِكُمُ الأَيَّامُ عَلَيْهَا، إِذْ لابُدَّ أَنَّكُمْ حِينَئِذٍ هَالِكُونَ.٢٦
27 And the Lord shall scatter you among all nations, and you shall be left few in number among all the nations, among which the Lord shall bring you.
وَيُشَتِّتُكُمُ الرَّبُّ بَيْنَ الأُمَمِ فَتُصْبِحُونَ أَقَلِّيَّةً بَيْنَ الشُّعُوبِ الَّتِي يَسُوقُكُمْ إِلَيْهَا.٢٧
28 And you shall there serve other gods, the works of the hands of men, wood and stones, which can’t see, nor can they hear, nor eat, nor smell.
وَهُنَاكَ تَعْبُدُونَ آلِهَةً مِنْ خَشَبٍ وَحَجَرٍ مِنْ صَنْعَةِ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ، مِمَّا لَا يُبْصِرُ وَلا يَسْمَعُ وَلا يَأْكُلُ وَلا يَشُمُّ.٢٨
29 And there you shall seek the Lord your God, and you shall find him whenever you shall seek him with all your heart, and with all your soul in your affliction.
وَلَكِنْ إِنْ طَلَبْتُمْ مِنْ هُنَاكَ الرَّبَّ إِلَهَكُمْ، مُلْتَمِسِينَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ قُلُوبِكُمْ وَنُفُوسِكُمْ، فَإِنَّكُمْ تَجِدُونَهُ.٢٩
30 And all these things shall come upon you in the last days, and you shall turn to the Lord your God, and shall listen to his voice.
فَعِنْدَمَا يَكْتَنِفُكُمُ الضِّيقُ وَتُصِيبُكُمْ فِي آخِرِ الأَيَّامِ جَمِيعُ هَذِهِ الأُمُورِ، عِنْدَئِذٍ تَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ وَتُطِيعُونَ أَوَامِرَهُ.٣٠
31 Because the Lord your God [is] a God of pity: he will not forsake you, nor destroy you; he will not forget the covenant of your fathers, which the Lord sware to them.
لأَنَّ الرَّبَّ إِلَهَكُمْ إِلَهٌ رَحِيمٌ لَا يَنْبِذُكُمْ وَلا يُفْنِيكُمْ، وَلا يَنْسَى عَهْدَ آبَائِكُمُ الَّذِي أَقْسَمَ لَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ.٣١
32 Ask of the former days which were before you, from the day when God created man upon the earth, and [beginning] at the [one] end of heaven to the other end of heaven, if there has happened any thing like to this great event, if such a thing has been heard:
فَاسْأَلُوا عَنِ الأَيَّامِ الْغَابِرَةِ الَّتِي انْقَضَتْ قَبْلَكُمْ، مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللهُ فِيهِ الإِنْسَانَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ. اسْأَلْ مِنْ أَقْصَى السَّمَاوَاتِ إِلَى أَقْصَاهَا: هَلْ حَدَثَ قَطُّ مِثْلُ هَذَا الأَمْرِ الْعَظِيمِ؟ وَهَلْ سَمِعَ أَحَدٌ بِمِثْلِهِ؟٣٢
33 if a nation have heard the voice of the living God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard and have lived;
هَلْ سَمِعَتْ أُمَّةٌ صَوْتَ اللهِ يَتَكَلَّمُ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ كَمَا سَمِعْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ، وَعَاشَتْ؟٣٣
34 if God has assayed to go and take to himself a nation out of the midst of [another] nation with trial, and with signs, and with wonders, and with war, and with a mighty hand, and with a high arm, and with great sights, according to all the things which the Lord our God did in Egypt in your sight.
وَهَلْ حَاوَلَ إِلَهٌ قَطُّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لِنَفْسِهِ شَعْباً مِنْ وَسَطِ شَعْبٍ آخَرَ مُجْرِياً تَجَارِبَ وَآيَاتٍ وَمُعْجِزَاتٍ وَحُرُوباً وَقُدْرَةً فَائِقَةً وَقُوَّةً شَدِيدَةً وَمَخَاوِفَ عَظِيمَةً كَمَا صَنَعَ مَعَكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ فِي مِصْرَ عَلَى مَرْأَى مِنْكُمْ؟٣٤
35 So that you should know that the Lord your God he is God, and there is none beside him.
لَقَدِ اطَّلَعْتُمْ عَلَى هَذِهِ كُلِّهَا لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الرَّبَّ هُوَ الإِلَهُ، وَلَيْسَ آخَرَ سِوَاهُ.٣٥
36 His voice was made audible from heaven to instruct you, and he showed you upon the earth his great fire, and you heard his words out of the midst of the fire.
فَقَدْ أَسْمَعَكُمْ صَوْتَهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ لِيُنْذِرَكُمْ. وَأَرَاكُمْ نَارَهُ الْعَظِيمَةَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَسَمِعْتُمْ صَوْتَهُ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ.٣٦
37 Because he loved your fathers, he also chose you their seed after them, and he brought you himself with his great strength out of Egypt,
وَلأَنَّهُ قَدْ أَحَبَّ آبَاءَكُمْ، وَاخْتَارَ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ، أَخْرَجَكُمْ بِنَفْسِهِ وَبِقُدْرَتِهِ الْعَظِيمَةِ مِنْ دِيَارِ مِصْرَ،٣٧
38 to destroy nations great and stronger than you before your face, to bring you in, to give you their land to inherit, as you have it this day.
وَطَرَدَ مِنْ أَمَامِكُمْ أُمَماً أَكْبَرَ مِنْكُمْ وَأَعْظَمَ، لِيَأْتِيَ بِكُمْ إِلَى أَرْضِهِمْ وَيُوَرِّثَكُمْ إِيَّاهَا، كَمَا حَدَثَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ.٣٨
39 An you shall know this day, and shall consider in your heart, that the Lord your God he [is] God in heaven above, and on the earth beneath, and there is none else but he.
فَاعْتَرِفُوا الْيَوْمَ وَرَدِّدُوا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ قَائِلِينَ: إِنَّ الرَّبَّ هُوَ الإِلَهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ مِنْ فَوْقُ، وَعَلَى الأَرْضِ مِنْ تَحْتُ وَلَيْسَ إِلَهٌ سِوَاهُ.٣٩
40 And keep you his commandments, and his ordinances, all that I command you this day; that it may be well with you, and with your sons after you, that you may be long-lived upon the earth, which the Lord your God gives you for ever.
فَاحْفَظُوا الْيَوْمَ مَا أُوْصِيكُمْ بِهِ مِنْ شَرَائِعِهِ وَأَحْكَامِهِ لِيُحْسِنَ الرَّبُّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَى أَوْلادِكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِكُمْ، فَيُطِيلَ أَيَّامَكُمْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ الَّتِي وَهَبَكُمْ إِيَّاهَا إِلَى الأَبَدِ.٤٠
41 Then Moses separated three cities beyond Jordan on the east,
ثُمَّ خَصَّصَ مُوسَى ثَلاثَ مُدُنٍ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ،٤١
42 that the slayer might flee there, who should have slain his neighbor unintentionally, and should not have hated him in times past, and he shall flee to one of these cities and live:
لِيَلْجَأَ إِلَيْهَا الْقَاتِلُ غَيْرُ الْمُتَعَمِّدِ، الَّذِي لَا يَضْمِرُ عَدَاءً سَابِقاً لِلْقَتِيلِ، فَيَجِدُ فِي إِحْدَى تِلْكَ الْمُدُنِ مَلْجَأً وَيَحْيَا.٤٢
43 Bosor in the wilderness, in the plain country of Ruben, and Ramoth in Galaad [belonging to] Gad, and Gaulon in Basan [belonging to] Manasse.
أَمَّا هَذِهِ الْمُدُنُ فَكانَتْ: بَاصَرَ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ فِي أَرْضِ السَّهْلِ فِي دِيَارِ الرَّأُوبَيْنِيِّينَ وَرَامُوتَ فِي جِلْعَادَ فِي بِلادِ الْجَادِيِّينَ، وَجُولانَ فِي بَاشَانَ فِي مِنْطَقَةِ الْمَنَسِّيِّينَ.٤٣
44 This [is] the law which Moses set before the children of Israel.
وَهَذِهِ هِيَ الشَّرِيعَةُ الَّتِي وَضَعَهَا أَمَامَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ،٤٤
45 These [are] the testimonies, and the ordinances, and the judgments, which Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, when they came out of the land of Egypt:
وَهَذِهِ هِيَ الشُّرُوطُ وَالْفَرَائِضُ وَالأَحْكَامُ الَّتِي خَاطَبَ بِها مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِهِمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ،٤٥
46 on the other side of Jordan, in the valley near the house of Phogor, in the land of Seon king of the Amorites, who lived in Esebon, whom Moses and the sons of Israel struck when they came out of the land of Egypt.
وَهُمْ مُخَيِّمُونَ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ، فِي الْوَادِي بِجِوَارِ بَيْتِ فَغُورَ فِي أَرْضِ سِيحُونَ مَلِكِ الأَمُورِيِّينَ الَّذِي كَانَ مُقِيماً فِي حَشْبُونَ، فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ مُوسَى وَالإِسْرَائِيلِيُّونَ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِهِمْ مِنْ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ.٤٦
47 And they inherited his land, and the land of Og king of Basan, two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond Jordan eastward.
فَامْتَلَكُوا بِلادَهُ وَبِلادَ عُوجٍ مَلِكِ بَاشَانَ، مَلِكَيِ الأَمُورِيِّينَ اللَّذَيْنِ كَانَا مُقِيمَيْنِ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ،٤٧
48 From Aroer, which is on the border of the brook Arnon, even to the mount of Seon, which is Aermon.
مِنْ عَرُوعِيرَ الْوَاقِعَةِ عَلَى حَافَةِ وَادِي أَرْنُونَ، إِلَى جَبَلِ سِيئُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ حَرْمُونُ،٤٨
49 All Araba beyond Jordan eastward under Asedoth hewn in the rock.
وَكُلَّ وَادِي الْعَرَبَةِ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ، حَتَّى الْبَحْرِ الْمَيِّتِ عِنْدَ سُفُوحِ الْفِسْجَةِ.٤٩

< Deuteronomy 4 >