ἀπό,
Aeolic dialect, Thess, [
Refs 7th c.BC+], etc:—
preposition usually with Gen. but see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+] (Cf. Sanskrit
A)
ápa, Latin
ab, Umbr.
ap-ehtre 'ab extra', Gothic
af, O[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
af, cef, of, etc.) Orig. sense,
from. [ᾰπο?~X: where ἀπο ¯ is found in
Epic dialect before see or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν[
Refs 8th c.BC+] was sometimes written in later texts,[
Refs] — ᾱ for the sake of meter in _Epic dialect_ compounds, such as ἀπονέεσθαι.]
A.I) OF PLACE, the earliest, and in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.1) of Motion,
from, away from, ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; pleonastic, ἀ. Τροίηθεν[
LXX+8th c.BC+]; also ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, implying
departure from life, [
Refs]; opposed to ἐξ, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ᾽ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ᾽ ὧν εἰκάζω[
Refs 5th c.BC+]:— frequently of warriors fighting
from chariots, etc, οἱ μὲν ἀφ᾽ ἵππων, οἱ δ᾽ ἀ. νηῶν. μάχοντο[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ᾽ ἵππων
on horse
back, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὀμμάτων ἄπο. κατέσταζον γένυν, of tears, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.2) of Position,
away from, far from, μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο[
Refs 8th c.BC+] to live
apart from a man or husband, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀπ᾽ ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ᾽ οὔατος,
far from sight or hearing, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος
far from, i.e.
without using the rein, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; but later the numeral follows ἀ, πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης[
Refs 1st c.BC+]; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων fifty stades
away, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]
A.I.3) of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ
away from, i. e.
alien from, my heart, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not
without reason, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.4) in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (compare ἐκ), ἀνὰ δ᾽ ἐβόασεν. ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet
off my head, and placing it on his, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.5) with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων. ἐπαρήξουσι[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος variant in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.6) partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν part
taken from the booty, a share
of it, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.7) in Mathematics texts, of figures described
upon a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου[
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τὸ ἀ. τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square
on AB, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; εἴδεα ἀ. [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.I.8) ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός man
and woman, [
LXX]; ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦ [prev. work] LXX.Num.5.3.
A.I.9)
from being, instead of, ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς. ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν[
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.I.10) privative,
free from, without, ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας[
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἀ. ζημίας[
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
A.II) OF TIME,
from, after, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] rising up
from, i.e.
after,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in narrative, τὸ ἀ. τούτου or το̄δε,
from this point
onwards, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; more often ἀπ᾽ or ἀφ᾽ οὗ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου,
of olden time, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀφ᾽ ἑσπέρας
from the beginning of evening, i.e.
at eventide, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπ᾽ ἀγροῦ
fresh from field-work, [
NT+5th c.BC+]; χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ tarry
beyond the time, [
LXX]; ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν
at the end of,[
Refs 1st c.AD+]; οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, =
consulares, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; but ἀ. τινος the
freedman of, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.III) OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc:
A.III.1) of that
from which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ᾽ ἀ. πέτρης not
sprung from oak or rock, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ᾽ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τρίτος ἀ. Διός third
in descent from Zeus, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός his descendants, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: of the place one
springs from, ἵπποι. ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.III.1.b)
metaphorically of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος fear
inspired by the enemy, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.1.c) of persons, οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country
folk, towns
folk, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου[
Refs 1st c.AD+]; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς, etc, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+] stage players, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]; ὁ ἀφ᾽ ἑστίας παῖς, see at {ἑστί; ἀπ᾽ ἐξωμίδος}
with only an ἐξωμίς, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.III.2) of the material
from or
of which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα[
NT+5th c.BC+]
of or
weighing [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so, by an extension of this use, εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου ugly
of countenance, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.III.3) of the instrument
from or
by which a thing is done, τοὺς. πέφνεν ἀπ᾽ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow
shot from silver bow, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου, [
LXX+5th c.BC+]
A.III.4) of the person
from whom an act comes, i.e.
by whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so τἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in later Greek frequently of the direct agent, [
NT+2nd c.BC+]; in codices this may sometimes be due to confusion with ὑπό, but[
Refs 1st c.AD+]
A.III.5) of the source
from which life, power, etc, are sustained, ζῆν ἀπ᾽ ὕλης ἀγρίης[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
quaestum corpore facere, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]
A.III.6) of the cause, means, or occasion
from, by, or
because of which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. τοῦ πάθους
in consequence of, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει
on occasion of his defeat, [
Refs]; τλήμων οὖσ᾽ ἀπ᾽ εὐτόλμου φρενός[
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης
by reason of it (variant for{ὑπό}), [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων
on the same
scale of profits, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; for ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα, see at {ἕνεκα}: hence in half adverbial usages, ἀ. σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ᾽ ἴσης, equally, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, [
Refs]; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου
of free-will, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. γλώσσης
by word of mouth, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] (but also,
from hearsay, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπ᾽ ὄψεως
at sight, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι
on your fingers, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὀμμάτων ἄπο
in the public gaze, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας Canon Laws texts cited in [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ
from oneself,
on one's own
account, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος,
by agreement,
by word of command, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. σάλπιγγος
by sound of trumpet, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Latin
procurator a rationibus, Ann.epigram.[
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.III.7) of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things
told from or
of the island, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B) in [
Refs 4th c.AD+]; ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ[
Refs]
B.2) in later Greek ἀπό is found with
accusative, [
Refs 4th c.AD+]
C) in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
D) IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
D.1)
asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence,
away, off, as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίν; denoting,
remoual of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι.
D.2)
finishing off, completing, ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω.
D.3)
ceasing from, leaving off, as ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω.
D.4)
back again, as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους: also,
in full, or
what is one's own, as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: frequently it only strengthens the sense of the simple.
D.5)
by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω.
D.6) almost ={ἀ-}
privative; sometimes with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύ; more frequently with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος.
E) ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; never in Prose.
E.2) ἄπο for ἄπεστι, [
Refs 7th c.BC+]