যিহোশূয়ের বই 12:8
8 এই দেশগুলিতে পার্বত্য প্রদেশ, পশ্চিমী পাহাড়ের পাদদেশ, অরাবা, পর্বতের ঢাল, মরুপ্রান্তর ও নেগেভ যুক্ত ছিল। এগুলি হিত্তীয়, ইমোরীয়, কনানীয়, পরিষীয়, হিব্বীয় ও যিবূষীয়দের দেশ। এঁরাই সেইসব রাজা:
kati na mokili ya bangomba, na mokili ya se, na Araba, kokita na esobe mpe na Negevi, mikili ya bato ya Iti, ya Amori, ya Kanana, ya Perizi, ya Evi mpe ya Yebusi. Tala bakonzi yango:
in the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ב
Hebrew:
בָּ/הָ֣ר
Transliteration:
ba.
Context:
Next word
Gloss:
in
Morphhology:
Preposition (Definite)
Grammar:
a RELATIONSHIP to another person or thing with an indication that it is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ב
Transliteration:
b
Gloss:
in/on/with
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix beth: in, among, with
hill country
Strongs:
Lexicon:
הַר
Hebrew:
בָּ/הָ֣ר
Transliteration:
Har
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Morphhology:
Noun (Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
a reference to a male PERSON OR THING
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
mountain
Tyndale
Word:
הַר
Origin:
a Meaning of h2022G
Transliteration:
har
Gloss:
mountain: hill country
Morphhology:
Hebrew Noun Male
Definition:
hill_country hill, mountain, hill country, mount A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" h2022)
Strongs > h2022
Word:
הַר
Transliteration:
har
Pronounciation:
har
Language:
Hebrew
Morphhology:
Noun Masculine
Definition:
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.; a shortened form of h2042 (הָרָר)
and
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ו
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/שְּׁפֵלָ֗ה
Transliteration:
u.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Conjunction
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/וְ
Transliteration:
v
Gloss:
and
Morphhology:
Hebrew Conjunction
Definition:
Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
in the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ב
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/שְּׁפֵלָ֗ה
Transliteration:
va.
Context:
Continue previous word
Gloss:
in
Morphhology:
Preposition (Definite)
Grammar:
a RELATIONSHIP to another person or thing with an indication that it is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ב
Transliteration:
b
Gloss:
in/on/with
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix beth: in, among, with
Shephelah
Strongs:
Lexicon:
שְׁפֵלָה
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/שְּׁפֵלָ֗ה
Transliteration:
she.fe.Lah
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Morphhology:
Noun (Singular Feminine, Absolute)
Grammar:
a reference to a female PERSON OR THING
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Shephelah @ Deu.1.7-Zec
Tyndale
Word:
שְׁפֵלָה
Transliteration:
she.phe.lah
Gloss:
Shephelah
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Location
Definition:
lowland, valley 1a) lowland 1a1) strip west of Judean mountains (technical term) 1a1a) the Shephelah 1a2) strip near coast north of Carmel
Strongs
Word:
שְׁפֵלָה
Transliteration:
shᵉphêlâh
Pronounciation:
shef-ay-law'
Language:
Proper Name
Morphhology:
Noun Feminine
Definition:
Lowland, i.e. (with the article) the maritime slope of Palestine; low country, (low) plain, vale(-ley).; from h8213 (שָׁפֵל)
and
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ו
Hebrew:
וּ/בָֽ/עֲרָבָה֙
Transliteration:
u.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Conjunction
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/וְ
Transliteration:
v
Gloss:
and
Morphhology:
Hebrew Conjunction
Definition:
Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
in the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ב
Hebrew:
וּ/בָֽ/עֲרָבָה֙
Transliteration:
va.
Context:
Continue previous word
Gloss:
in
Morphhology:
Preposition (Definite)
Grammar:
a RELATIONSHIP to another person or thing with an indication that it is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ב
Transliteration:
b
Gloss:
in/on/with
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix beth: in, among, with
Arabah
Strongs:
Lexicon:
עֲרָבָה
Hebrew:
וּ/בָֽ/עֲרָבָה֙
Transliteration:
'a.ra.Vah
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Morphhology:
Proper Noun (Location)
Grammar:
the NAME of a location
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Arabah @ Deu.1.1-Zec
Tyndale
Word:
עֲרָבָה
Transliteration:
a.ra.vah
Gloss:
Arabah
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Location
Definition:
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
Strongs > h6160
Word:
עֲרָבָה
Transliteration:
ʻărâbâh
Pronounciation:
ar-aw-baw'
Language:
Hebrew
Morphhology:
Noun Feminine
and
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ו
Hebrew:
וּ/בָ֣/אֲשֵׁד֔וֹת
Transliteration:
u.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Conjunction
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/וְ
Transliteration:
v
Gloss:
and
Morphhology:
Hebrew Conjunction
Definition:
Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
on the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ב
Hebrew:
וּ/בָ֣/אֲשֵׁד֔וֹת
Transliteration:
Va.
Context:
Continue previous word
Gloss:
in
Morphhology:
Preposition (Definite)
Grammar:
a RELATIONSHIP to another person or thing with an indication that it is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ב
Transliteration:
b
Gloss:
in/on/with
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix beth: in, among, with
slopes
Strongs:
Lexicon:
אֲשֵׁדָה
Hebrew:
וּ/בָ֣/אֲשֵׁד֔וֹת
Transliteration:
'a.she.Dot
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
slope
Morphhology:
Noun (Plural Feminine, Absolute)
Grammar:
a reference to female PEOPLE OR THINGS
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
אֲשֵׁדָה
Transliteration:
a.she.dah
Gloss:
slope
Morphhology:
Hebrew Noun Female
Definition:
foundation, slope
Strongs
Word:
אֲשֵׁדָה
Transliteration:
ʼăshêdâh
Pronounciation:
ash-ay-daw'
Language:
Hebrew
Morphhology:
Noun Feminine
Definition:
a ravine; springs.; feminine of h793 (אֶשֶׁד)
and
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ו
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/מִּדְבָּ֖ר
Transliteration:
u.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Conjunction
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/וְ
Transliteration:
v
Gloss:
and
Morphhology:
Hebrew Conjunction
Definition:
Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
in the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ב
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/מִּדְבָּ֖ר
Transliteration:
va.
Context:
Continue previous word
Gloss:
in
Morphhology:
Preposition (Definite)
Grammar:
a RELATIONSHIP to another person or thing with an indication that it is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ב
Transliteration:
b
Gloss:
in/on/with
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix beth: in, among, with
wilderness
Strongs:
Lexicon:
מִדְבָּר
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/מִּדְבָּ֖ר
Transliteration:
mid.Bar
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Morphhology:
Noun (Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
a reference to a male PERSON OR THING
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
מִדְבָּר
Transliteration:
mid.bar
Gloss:
wilderness
Morphhology:
Hebrew Noun Male
Definition:
wilderness 1a) pasture 1b) uninhabited land, wilderness 1c) large tracts of wilderness (around cities) 1d) wilderness (fig.)
Strongs > h4057
Word:
מִדְבָּר
Transliteration:
midbâr
Pronounciation:
mid-bawr'
Language:
Hebrew
Morphhology:
Noun Masculine
Definition:
a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs); desert, south, speech, wilderness.; from h1696 (דָבַר) in the sense of driving
and
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ו
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/נֶּ֑גֶב
Transliteration:
u.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Conjunction
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/וְ
Transliteration:
v
Gloss:
and
Morphhology:
Hebrew Conjunction
Definition:
Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
in the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ב
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/נֶּ֑גֶב
Transliteration:
va.
Context:
Continue previous word
Gloss:
in
Morphhology:
Preposition (Definite)
Grammar:
a RELATIONSHIP to another person or thing with an indication that it is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ב
Transliteration:
b
Gloss:
in/on/with
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix beth: in, among, with
Negev
Strongs:
Lexicon:
נֶ֫גֶב
Hebrew:
וּ/בַ/נֶּ֑גֶב
Transliteration:
Ne.gev
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
Negeb
Morphhology:
Proper Noun (Location)
Grammar:
the NAME of a location
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Negeb @ Gen.12.9-Zec
Tyndale
Word:
נֶ֫גֶב
Transliteration:
ne.gev
Gloss:
Negeb
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Location
Definition:
region of southern Judah Also named: ne.gev (נֶ֫גֶב "south" h5045H) This name means south-country
Strongs > h5045
Word:
נֶגֶב
Transliteration:
negeb
Pronounciation:
neh'-gheb
Language:
Hebrew
Morphhology:
Noun Masculine
Definition:
the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine); south (country, side, -ward).; from an unused root meaning to be parched
the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ה
Hebrew:
הַֽ/חִתִּי֙
Transliteration:
ha.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Definite article (Hebrew)
Grammar:
an INDICATOR that this is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ה
Transliteration:
ha
Gloss:
[the]
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix hé article: "the" for a subject, not object
Hittite[s]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
חִתִּי
Hebrew:
הַֽ/חִתִּי֙
Transliteration:
chi.Ti
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
Hittite
Morphhology:
Noun (Gentilic, Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
male members of a NAMED group
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Heth @ Gen.10.15-Ezk
Tyndale
Word:
חִתִּי
Origin:
a group of h2845
Transliteration:
chit.ti
Gloss:
Hittite
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Gentilic Person
Definition:
Someone descended from Heth who was a man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.15; son of: Canaan (h3667); brother of: Sidon (h6721), Jebusite (h2983), Amorite (h567), Girgashite (h1622), Hivite (h2340), Arkite (h6208), Sinite (h5513), Arvadite (h721), Zemarite (h6786) and Hamathite (h2577); also called Hittite (KJV: "of Heth") frequently Group of chet (חֵת "Heth" h2845) § Hittite = "descendant of Heth" the nation descended from Heth, the 2nd son of Canaan; once inhabitants of central Anatolia (modern Turkey), later in north Lebanon
Strongs
Word:
חִתִּי
Transliteration:
Chittîy
Pronounciation:
khit-tee'
Language:
Proper Name
Morphhology:
Noun Masculine
Definition:
a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth; Hittite, Hittities.; patronymically from h2845 (חֵת)
the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ה
Hebrew:
הָֽ/אֱמֹרִ֔י
Transliteration:
ha.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Definite article (Hebrew)
Grammar:
an INDICATOR that this is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ה
Transliteration:
ha
Gloss:
[the]
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix hé article: "the" for a subject, not object
Amorite[s]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
אֱמֹרִי
Hebrew:
הָֽ/אֱמֹרִ֔י
Transliteration:
'e.mo.Ri
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
Amorite
Morphhology:
Noun (Gentilic, Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
male members of a NAMED group
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Amorites @ Gen.10.16-Amo
Tyndale
Word:
אֱמֹרִי
Transliteration:
e.mo.ri
Gloss:
Amorite
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Gentilic Location
Definition:
Someone descended from Amor, first mentioned at Gen.10.16; descended from Canaan (h3667); along with Sidon (h6721), Heth (h2845), Jebusite (h2983), Girgashite (h1622), Hivite (h2340), Arkite (h6208), Sinite (h5513), Arvadite (h721), Zemarite (h6786) and Hamathite (h2577) § Amorite = "a sayer" one of the peoples of east Canaan and beyond the Jordan, dispossessed by the Israelite incursion from Egypt
Strongs
Word:
אֱמֹרִי
Transliteration:
ʼĔmôrîy
Pronounciation:
em-o-ree'
Language:
Proper Name
Morphhology:
Noun Masculine
Definition:
an Emorite, one of the Canaanitish tribes; Amorite.; probably a patronymic from an unused name derived from h559 (אָמַר) in the sense of publicity, i.e. prominence; thus, a mountaineer
and
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ו
Hebrew:
וְ/הַֽ/כְּנַעֲנִי֙
Transliteration:
ve.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Conjunction
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/וְ
Transliteration:
v
Gloss:
and
Morphhology:
Hebrew Conjunction
Definition:
Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ה
Hebrew:
וְ/הַֽ/כְּנַעֲנִי֙
Transliteration:
ha.
Context:
Continue previous word
Morphhology:
Definite article (Hebrew)
Grammar:
an INDICATOR that this is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ה
Transliteration:
ha
Gloss:
[the]
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix hé article: "the" for a subject, not object
Canaanite[s]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
כְּנַעֲנִי
Hebrew:
וְ/הַֽ/כְּנַעֲנִי֙
Transliteration:
ke.na.'a.Ni
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
Canaanite
Morphhology:
Noun (Gentilic, Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
male members of a NAMED group
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Canaan @ Gen.10.18-Act
Tyndale
Word:
כְּנַעֲנִי
Origin:
a group of h3667A
Transliteration:
ke.na.a.ni
Gloss:
Canaanite
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Gentilic Location
Definition:
Group of ke.na.an (כְּנַ֫עַן "Canaan" h3667A) § Canaanite, of Cana "zealous" adj descendant or inhabitant of Canaan
Strongs > h3669
Word:
כְּנַעַנִי
Transliteration:
Kᵉnaʻanîy
Pronounciation:
ken-ah-an-ee'
Language:
Proper Name
Definition:
a Kenaanite or inhabitant of Kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the Canaanites standing for their neighbors the Ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile caravans); Canaanite, merchant, trafficker.; patrial from h3667 (כְּנַעַן)
the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ה
Hebrew:
הַ/פְּרִזִּ֔י
Transliteration:
ha.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Definite article (Hebrew)
Grammar:
an INDICATOR that this is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ה
Transliteration:
ha
Gloss:
[the]
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix hé article: "the" for a subject, not object
Perizzite[s]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
פְּרִזִּי
Hebrew:
הַ/פְּרִזִּ֔י
Transliteration:
pe.ri.Zi
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
Perizzite
Morphhology:
Noun (Gentilic, Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
male members of a NAMED group
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Perizzites @ Gen.13.7-Neh
Tyndale
Word:
פְּרִזִּי
Transliteration:
pe.riz.zi
Gloss:
Perizzite
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Gentilic Location
Definition:
Someone descended from Periz, first mentioned at Gen.13.7 § Perizzite = "belonging to a village" a people who inhabited southern Canaan prior to the conquest
Strongs
Word:
פְּרִזִּי
Transliteration:
Pᵉrizzîy
Pronounciation:
per-iz-zee'
Language:
Proper Name
Morphhology:
Adjective
Definition:
a Perizzite, one of the Canaanitish tribes; Perizzite.; for h6521 (פְּרָזִי); inhabitant of the open country
the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ה
Hebrew:
הַ/חִוִּ֖י
Transliteration:
ha.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Definite article (Hebrew)
Grammar:
an INDICATOR that this is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ה
Transliteration:
ha
Gloss:
[the]
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix hé article: "the" for a subject, not object
Hivite[s]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
חִוִּי
Hebrew:
הַ/חִוִּ֖י
Transliteration:
chi.Vi
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
Hivite
Morphhology:
Noun (Gentilic, Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
male members of a NAMED group
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Hivites @ Gen.10.17-2Ch
Tyndale
Word:
חִוִּי
Transliteration:
chiv.vi
Gloss:
Hivite
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Gentilic Person
Definition:
Someone descended from Hiv of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.17; descended from Canaan (h3667); along with Sidon (h6721), Heth (h2845), Jebusite (h2983), Amorite (h567), Girgashite (h1622), Arkite (h6208), Sinite (h5513), Arvadite (h721), Zemarite (h6786) and Hamathite (h2577) § Hivite = "villagers" 6th generation of descendants of Canaan, the son of Ham, who were living in northern Canaan near Mount Hermon at the time of the conquest
Strongs
Word:
חִוִּי
Transliteration:
Chivvîy
Pronounciation:
khiv-vee'
Language:
Proper Name
Morphhology:
Noun Masculine
Definition:
a Chivvite, one of the aboriginal tribes of Palestine; Hivite.; perhaps from h2333 (חַוָּה); a villager
and
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ו
Hebrew:
וְ/הַ/יְבוּסִֽי\׃\ \פ
Transliteration:
ve.
Context:
Next word
Morphhology:
Conjunction
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/וְ
Transliteration:
v
Gloss:
and
Morphhology:
Hebrew Conjunction
Definition:
Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
the
Strongs:
Lexicon:
ה
Hebrew:
וְ/הַ/יְבוּסִֽי\׃\ \פ
Transliteration:
ha
Context:
Continue previous word
Morphhology:
Definite article (Hebrew)
Grammar:
an INDICATOR that this is important or it has been referred to
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
/ה
Transliteration:
ha
Gloss:
[the]
Morphhology:
Prefix
Definition:
Prefix hé article: "the" for a subject, not object
Jebusite[s]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
יְבוּסִי
Hebrew:
וְ/הַ/יְבוּסִֽי\׃\ \פ
Transliteration:
y.vu.Si
Context:
Continue previous word (Hebrew root)
Gloss:
Jebusite
Morphhology:
Noun (Gentilic, Singular Masculine, Absolute)
Grammar:
male members of a NAMED group
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Additional:
Jebusites @ Gen.10.16-Zec
Tyndale
Word:
יְבוּסִי
Transliteration:
ye.vu.si
Gloss:
Jebusite
Morphhology:
Proper Name Noun Gentilic Location
Definition:
Someone descended from Jebus of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.16; descended from Canaan (h3667); along with Sidon (h6721), Heth (h2845), Amorite (h567), Girgashite (h1622), Hivite (h2340), Arkite (h6208), Sinite (h5513), Arvadite (h721), Zemarite (h6786) and Hamathite (h2577) § Jebusite = "descendants of Jebus" descendants of the 3rd son of Canaan who lived in or around the site of Jebus, the early name for Jerusalem
Strongs > h2983
Word:
יְבוּסִי
Transliteration:
Yᵉbûwçîy
Pronounciation:
yeb-oo-see'
Language:
Proper Name
Morphhology:
Noun Masculine
Definition:
a Jebusite or inhabitant of Jebus; Jebusite(-s).; patrial from h2982 (יְבוּס)
[׃]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
[׃]
Hebrew:
וְ/הַ/יְבוּסִֽי\׃\ \פ
Context:
Punctuation
Gloss:
[fullstop]
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
:
Transliteration:
:
Morphhology:
Punctuation
Definition:
Punctuation Sof-Pasuq: ends a verse
[פ]
Strongs:
Lexicon:
[פ]
Hebrew:
וְ/הַ/יְבוּסִֽי\׃\ \פ
Context:
Punctuation
Gloss:
[chapter]
Source:
[Tag=L] Leningrad
Tyndale
Word:
פ
Transliteration:
P
Morphhology:
Punctuation
Definition:
Punctuation Pe paragraph: ends a literary section
