تَثنِيَة 4
| وَالآنَ أَصْغُوا يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَى الشَّرَائِعِ وَالأَحْكَامِ الَّتِي أُعَلِّمُهَا لَكُمْ لِتَعْمَلُوا بِها، فَتَحْيَوْا وَتَدْخُلُوا لاِمْتِلاكِ الأَرْضِ الَّتِي يُوَرِّثُهَا لَكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ | ١ 1 |
Hear now, O Israel, the statutes and ordinances I am teaching you to follow, so that you may live and may enter and take possession of the land that the LORD, the God of your fathers, is giving you.
| لَا تُضِيفُوا عَلَى مَا أُوصِيكُمْ بِهِ وَلا تُنَقِّصُوا مِنْهُ، بَلْ أَطِيعُوا أَوَامِرَ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمُ الَّتِي أُوْصِيكُمْ بِها. | ٢ 2 |
You must not add to or subtract from what I command you, so that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God that I am giving you.
| لَقَدْ شَهِدَتْ أَعْيُنُكُمْ مَا أَنْزَلَ الرَّبُّ بِبَعْلِ فَغُورَ، إِذْ أَبَادَ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ مِنْ بَيْنِكُمْ كُلَّ مَنْ غَوَى وَرَاءَ بَعْلِ فَغُورَ. | ٣ 3 |
Your eyes have seen what the LORD did at Baal-peor, for the LORD your God destroyed from among you all who followed Baal of Peor.
| وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ تَعَلَّقْتُمْ بِالرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ فَجَمِيعُكُمْ أَحْيَاءُ الْيَوْمَ. | ٤ 4 |
But you who held fast to the LORD your God are alive to this day, every one of you.
| انْظُرُوا، هَا أَنَا قَدْ عَلَّمْتُكُمْ شَرَائِعَ وَأَحْكَاماً كَمَا أَمَرَنِي الرَّبُّ إِلَهِي لِتَعْمَلُوا بِمُوْجِبِهَا فِي الأَرْضِ الَّتِي أَنْتُمْ مَاضُونَ إِلَيْهَا لِتَرِثُوهَا. | ٥ 5 |
See, I have taught you statutes and ordinances just as the LORD my God has commanded me, so that you may follow them in the land that you are about to enter and possess.
| فَاحْفَظُوهَا وَطَبِّقُوهَا، لأَنَّهَا هِيَ حِكْمَتُكُمْ وَفِطْنَتُكُمْ لَدَى الشُّعُوبِ الَّذِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الشَّرَائِعِ، فَيَقُولُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّعْبَ الْعَظِيمَ هُوَ حَقّاً شَعْبٌ حَكِيمٌ فَطِنٌ. | ٦ 6 |
Observe them carefully, for this will show your wisdom and understanding in the sight of the peoples, who will hear of all these statutes and say, “Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.”
| لأَنَّهُ أَيُّ شَعْبٍ، مَهْمَا عَظُمَ، لَهُ آلِهَةٌ قَرِيبَةٌ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِنَا فِي كُلِّ مَا نَدْعُوهُ؟ | ٧ 7 |
For what nation is great enough to have a god as near to them as the LORD our God is to us whenever we call on Him?
| وَأَيُّ شَعْبٍ، مَهْمَا عَظُمَ، لَدَيْهِ شَرَائِعُ وَأَحْكَامٌ عَادِلَةٌ نَظِيرُ هَذِهِ الشَّرَائِعِ الَّتِي أَضَعُهَا الْيَوْمَ أَمَامَكُمْ؟ | ٨ 8 |
And what nation is great enough to have righteous statutes and ordinances like this entire law I set before you today?
| إِنَّمَا احْتَرِزُوا وَاحْذَرُوا لِئَلّا تَنْسَوْا الأُمُورَ الَّتِي شَهِدَتْهَا أَعْيُنُكُمْ فَلا تَنْمَحِي مِنْ قُلُوبِكُمْ كُلَّ أَيَّامِ حَيَاتِكُمْ. وَعَلِّمُوهَا لأَوْلادِكُمْ وَلأَحْفَادِكُمْ. | ٩ 9 |
Only be on your guard and diligently watch yourselves, so that you do not forget the things your eyes have seen, and so that they do not slip from your heart as long as you live. Teach them to your children and grandchildren.
| فَفِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي مَثَلْتُمْ فِيهِ أَمَامَ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ فِي جَبَلِ حُورِيبَ، حِينَ قَالَ لِي الرَّبُّ: اجْمَعْ لِيَ الشَّعْبَ حَتَّى أُسْمِعَهُمْ كَلامِي، فَيَتَعَلَّمُوا مَخَافَتِي طَوَالَ أَيَّامِ حَيَاتِهِمْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ، وَيُعَلِّمُوا أَوْلادَهُمْ أَيْضاً. | ١٠ 10 |
The day you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, the LORD said to me, “Gather the people before Me to hear My words, so that they may learn to fear Me all the days they live on the earth, and that they may teach them to their children.”
| فَتَقَدَّمْتُمْ وَوَقَفْتُمْ عِنْدَ سَفْحِ الْجَبَلِ الْمُشْتَعِلِ بِنَارٍ امْتَدَّتْ أَلْسِنَةُ لَهَبِهَا إِلَى كَبِدِ السَّمَاءِ، وَتَلَفَّعَتْ بِسُحُبٍ دَاكِنَةٍ وَضَبَابٍ. | ١١ 11 |
You came near and stood at the base of the mountain, a mountain blazing with fire to the heavens, with black clouds and deep darkness.
| فَخَاطَبَكُمُ الرَّبُّ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ، فَسَمِعْتُمْ صَوْتَ كَلِمَاتِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُبْصِرُوا لَهُ صُورَةً. | ١٢ 12 |
And the LORD spoke to you out of the fire. You heard the sound of the words, but saw no form; there was only a voice.
| وَأَعْلَنَ لَكُمْ عَهْدَهُ، الْوَصَايَا الْعَشَرَ الَّتِي نَقَشَهَا عَلَى لَوْحَيْ حَجَرٍ، وَأَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تَعْمَلُوا بِها. | ١٣ 13 |
He declared to you His covenant, which He commanded you to follow—the Ten Commandments that He wrote on two tablets of stone.
| كَمَا أَمَرَنِي فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكُمْ شَرَائِعَهُ وَأَحْكَامَهُ لِتُطَبِّقُوهَا فِي الأَرْضِ الَّتِي أَنْتُمْ مَاضُونَ إِلَيْهَا لِتَرِثُوهَا. | ١٤ 14 |
At that time the LORD commanded me to teach you the statutes and ordinances you are to follow in the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess.
| فَاحْذَرُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ جِدّاً، فَأَنْتُمْ لَمْ تَرَوْا صُورَةً مَا حِينَ خَاطَبَكُمُ الرَّبُّ فِي جَبَلِ حُورِيبَ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ. | ١٥ 15 |
So since you saw no form of any kind on the day the LORD spoke to you out of the fire at Horeb, be careful
| لِئَلّا تَفْسَدُوا فَتَنْحَتُوا لَكُمْ تِمْثَالاً لِصُورَةٍ مَا لِمِثَالِ رَجُلٍ أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ. | ١٦ 16 |
that you do not act corruptly and make an idol for yourselves of any form or shape, whether in the likeness of a male or female,
| أَوْ شِبْهَ بَهِيمَةٍ مَا مِمَّا عَلَى الأَرْضِ، أَوْ شِبْهَ طَيْرٍ مَا مِنْ طُيُورِ السَّمَاءِ. | ١٧ 17 |
of any beast that is on the earth or bird that flies in the air,
| أَوْ شِبْهَ كَائِنٍ مَا مِنْ زَوَاحِفِ الأَرْضِ، أَوْ شِبْهَ سَمَكٍ مَا مِمَّا فِي الْمَاءِ تَحْتَ الأَرْضِ. | ١٨ 18 |
or of any creature that crawls on the ground or fish that is in the waters below.
| أَوْ لِئَلّا تَتَطَلَّعُوا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَتُشَاهِدُوا الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ وَالأَجْرَامَ السَّمَاوِيَّةَ الَّتِي وَزَّعَهَا الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الأُمَمِ الَّتِي تَحْتَ السَّمَاءِ، فَتَغْوُوا وَتَسْجُدُوا لَهَا وَتَعْبُدُوهَا. | ١٩ 19 |
When you look to the heavens and see the sun and moon and stars—all the host of heaven—do not be enticed to bow down and worship what the LORD your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven.
| أَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَقَدِ اخْتَارَكُمُ الرَّبُّ وَأَخْرَجَكُمْ مِنْ أَتُونِ الْحَدِيدِ مِنْ دِيَارِ مِصْرَ لِتَكُونُوا لَهُ شَعْبَ مِيرَاثِهِ، كَمَا أَنْتُمُ الْيَوْمَ. | ٢٠ 20 |
Yet the LORD has taken you and brought you out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be the people of His inheritance, as you are today.
| وَلَكِنَّ الرَّبَّ غَضِبَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَجْلِكُمْ وَأَقْسَمَ أَلّا أَعْبُرَ نَهْرَ الأُرْدُنِّ وَلا أَطَأَ الأَرْضَ الْخَصِيبَةَ الَّتِي وَهَبَكُمْ إِيَّاهَا الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ نَصِيباً. | ٢١ 21 |
The LORD, however, was angry with me on account of you, and He swore that I would not cross the Jordan to enter the good land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance.
| كَذَلِكَ فَأَنَا أَمُوتُ فِي هَذِهِ الأَرْضِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ أَجْتَازَ نَهْرَ الأُرْدُنِّ. وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَتَعْبُرُونَهُ وَتَرِثُونَ تِلْكَ الأَرْضَ الْخَصِيبَةَ. | ٢٢ 22 |
For I will not be crossing the Jordan, because I must die in this land. But you shall cross over and take possession of that good land.
| وَلَكِنْ إِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ تَنْسَوْا عَهْدَ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمُ الَّذِي قَطَعَهُ مَعَكُمْ وَتَنْحَتُوا لأَنْفُسِكُمْ تِمْثَالاً لِصُورَةٍ مَا مِمَّا نَهَاكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ عَنْهُ. | ٢٣ 23 |
Be careful that you do not forget the covenant of the LORD your God that He made with you; do not make an idol for yourselves in the form of anything He has forbidden you.
| لأَنَّ الرَّبَّ إِلَهَكُمْ هُوَ نَارٌ آكِلَةٌ وَإِلَهٌ غَيُورٌ. | ٢٤ 24 |
For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.
| وَإذَا أَنْجَبْتُمْ بَنِينَ وَأَحْفَاداً وَمَكَثْتُمْ طَوِيلاً فِي الأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ غَوَيْتُمْ فَنَحَتُّمْ لَكُمْ تِمْثَالاً لِصُورَةِ شَيْءٍ مَا، وَارْتَكَبْتُمُ الشَّرَّ فِي عَيْنَيِ الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ لإِثَارَةِ غَيْظِهِ، | ٢٥ 25 |
After you have children and grandchildren and you have been in the land a long time, if you then act corruptly and make an idol of any form—doing evil in the sight of the LORD your God and provoking Him to anger—
| فَإِنَّنِي أُشْهِدُ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ السَّمَاءَ وَالأَرْضَ، أَنَّكُمْ تَنْقَرِضُونَ سَرِيعاً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي أَنْتُمْ عَابِرُونَ نَهْرَ الأُرْدُنِّ إِلَيْهَا لِتَرِثُوهَا، وَلَنْ تَطُولَ بِكُمُ الأَيَّامُ عَلَيْهَا، إِذْ لابُدَّ أَنَّكُمْ حِينَئِذٍ هَالِكُونَ. | ٢٦ 26 |
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you this day that you will quickly perish from the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess. You will not live long upon it, but will be utterly destroyed.
| وَيُشَتِّتُكُمُ الرَّبُّ بَيْنَ الأُمَمِ فَتُصْبِحُونَ أَقَلِّيَّةً بَيْنَ الشُّعُوبِ الَّتِي يَسُوقُكُمْ إِلَيْهَا. | ٢٧ 27 |
Then the LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and only a few of you will survive among the nations to which the LORD will drive you.
| وَهُنَاكَ تَعْبُدُونَ آلِهَةً مِنْ خَشَبٍ وَحَجَرٍ مِنْ صَنْعَةِ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ، مِمَّا لَا يُبْصِرُ وَلا يَسْمَعُ وَلا يَأْكُلُ وَلا يَشُمُّ. | ٢٨ 28 |
And there you will serve man-made gods of wood and stone, which cannot see or hear or eat or smell.
| وَلَكِنْ إِنْ طَلَبْتُمْ مِنْ هُنَاكَ الرَّبَّ إِلَهَكُمْ، مُلْتَمِسِينَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ قُلُوبِكُمْ وَنُفُوسِكُمْ، فَإِنَّكُمْ تَجِدُونَهُ. | ٢٩ 29 |
But if from there you will seek the LORD your God, you will find Him if you seek Him with all your heart and with all your soul.
| فَعِنْدَمَا يَكْتَنِفُكُمُ الضِّيقُ وَتُصِيبُكُمْ فِي آخِرِ الأَيَّامِ جَمِيعُ هَذِهِ الأُمُورِ، عِنْدَئِذٍ تَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى الرَّبِّ إِلَهِكُمْ وَتُطِيعُونَ أَوَامِرَهُ. | ٣٠ 30 |
When you are in distress and all these things have happened to you, then in later days you will return to the LORD your God and listen to His voice.
| لأَنَّ الرَّبَّ إِلَهَكُمْ إِلَهٌ رَحِيمٌ لَا يَنْبِذُكُمْ وَلا يُفْنِيكُمْ، وَلا يَنْسَى عَهْدَ آبَائِكُمُ الَّذِي أَقْسَمَ لَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ. | ٣١ 31 |
For the LORD your God is a merciful God; He will not abandon you or destroy you or forget the covenant with your fathers, which He swore to them by oath.
| فَاسْأَلُوا عَنِ الأَيَّامِ الْغَابِرَةِ الَّتِي انْقَضَتْ قَبْلَكُمْ، مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللهُ فِيهِ الإِنْسَانَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ. اسْأَلْ مِنْ أَقْصَى السَّمَاوَاتِ إِلَى أَقْصَاهَا: هَلْ حَدَثَ قَطُّ مِثْلُ هَذَا الأَمْرِ الْعَظِيمِ؟ وَهَلْ سَمِعَ أَحَدٌ بِمِثْلِهِ؟ | ٣٢ 32 |
Indeed, ask now from one end of the heavens to the other about the days that long preceded you, from the day that God created man on earth: Has anything as great as this ever happened or been reported?
| هَلْ سَمِعَتْ أُمَّةٌ صَوْتَ اللهِ يَتَكَلَّمُ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ كَمَا سَمِعْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ، وَعَاشَتْ؟ | ٣٣ 33 |
Has a people ever heard the voice of God speaking out of the fire, as you have, and lived?
| وَهَلْ حَاوَلَ إِلَهٌ قَطُّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لِنَفْسِهِ شَعْباً مِنْ وَسَطِ شَعْبٍ آخَرَ مُجْرِياً تَجَارِبَ وَآيَاتٍ وَمُعْجِزَاتٍ وَحُرُوباً وَقُدْرَةً فَائِقَةً وَقُوَّةً شَدِيدَةً وَمَخَاوِفَ عَظِيمَةً كَمَا صَنَعَ مَعَكُمُ الرَّبُّ إِلَهُكُمْ فِي مِصْرَ عَلَى مَرْأَى مِنْكُمْ؟ | ٣٤ 34 |
Or has any god tried to take as his own a nation out of another nation—by trials, signs, wonders, and war, by a strong hand and an outstretched arm, and by great terrors—as the LORD your God did for you in Egypt, before your eyes?
| لَقَدِ اطَّلَعْتُمْ عَلَى هَذِهِ كُلِّهَا لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الرَّبَّ هُوَ الإِلَهُ، وَلَيْسَ آخَرَ سِوَاهُ. | ٣٥ 35 |
You were shown these things so that you would know that the LORD is God; there is no other besides Him.
| فَقَدْ أَسْمَعَكُمْ صَوْتَهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ لِيُنْذِرَكُمْ. وَأَرَاكُمْ نَارَهُ الْعَظِيمَةَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَسَمِعْتُمْ صَوْتَهُ مِنْ وَسَطِ النَّارِ. | ٣٦ 36 |
He let you hear His voice from heaven to discipline you, and on earth He showed you His great fire, and you heard His words out of the fire.
| وَلأَنَّهُ قَدْ أَحَبَّ آبَاءَكُمْ، وَاخْتَارَ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ، أَخْرَجَكُمْ بِنَفْسِهِ وَبِقُدْرَتِهِ الْعَظِيمَةِ مِنْ دِيَارِ مِصْرَ، | ٣٧ 37 |
Because He loved your fathers, He chose their descendants after them and brought you out of Egypt by His presence and great power,
| وَطَرَدَ مِنْ أَمَامِكُمْ أُمَماً أَكْبَرَ مِنْكُمْ وَأَعْظَمَ، لِيَأْتِيَ بِكُمْ إِلَى أَرْضِهِمْ وَيُوَرِّثَكُمْ إِيَّاهَا، كَمَا حَدَثَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ. | ٣٨ 38 |
to drive out before you nations greater and mightier than you, and to bring you into their land and give it to you for your inheritance, as it is this day.
| فَاعْتَرِفُوا الْيَوْمَ وَرَدِّدُوا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ قَائِلِينَ: إِنَّ الرَّبَّ هُوَ الإِلَهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ مِنْ فَوْقُ، وَعَلَى الأَرْضِ مِنْ تَحْتُ وَلَيْسَ إِلَهٌ سِوَاهُ. | ٣٩ 39 |
Know therefore this day and take to heart that the LORD is God in heaven above and on the earth below; there is no other.
| فَاحْفَظُوا الْيَوْمَ مَا أُوْصِيكُمْ بِهِ مِنْ شَرَائِعِهِ وَأَحْكَامِهِ لِيُحْسِنَ الرَّبُّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَى أَوْلادِكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِكُمْ، فَيُطِيلَ أَيَّامَكُمْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ الَّتِي وَهَبَكُمْ إِيَّاهَا إِلَى الأَبَدِ. | ٤٠ 40 |
Keep His statutes and commandments, which I am giving you today, so that you and your children after you may prosper, and that you may live long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you for all time.
| ثُمَّ خَصَّصَ مُوسَى ثَلاثَ مُدُنٍ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ، | ٤١ 41 |
Then Moses set aside three cities across the Jordan to the east
| لِيَلْجَأَ إِلَيْهَا الْقَاتِلُ غَيْرُ الْمُتَعَمِّدِ، الَّذِي لَا يَضْمِرُ عَدَاءً سَابِقاً لِلْقَتِيلِ، فَيَجِدُ فِي إِحْدَى تِلْكَ الْمُدُنِ مَلْجَأً وَيَحْيَا. | ٤٢ 42 |
to which a manslayer could flee after killing his neighbor unintentionally without prior malice. To save one’s own life, he could flee to one of these cities:
| أَمَّا هَذِهِ الْمُدُنُ فَكانَتْ: بَاصَرَ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ فِي أَرْضِ السَّهْلِ فِي دِيَارِ الرَّأُوبَيْنِيِّينَ وَرَامُوتَ فِي جِلْعَادَ فِي بِلادِ الْجَادِيِّينَ، وَجُولانَ فِي بَاشَانَ فِي مِنْطَقَةِ الْمَنَسِّيِّينَ. | ٤٣ 43 |
Bezer in the wilderness on the plateau belonging to the Reubenites, Ramoth in Gilead belonging to the Gadites, or Golan in Bashan belonging to the Manassites.
| وَهَذِهِ هِيَ الشَّرِيعَةُ الَّتِي وَضَعَهَا أَمَامَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، | ٤٤ 44 |
This is the law that Moses set before the Israelites.
| وَهَذِهِ هِيَ الشُّرُوطُ وَالْفَرَائِضُ وَالأَحْكَامُ الَّتِي خَاطَبَ بِها مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِهِمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ، | ٤٥ 45 |
These are the testimonies, statutes, and ordinances that Moses proclaimed to them after they had come out of Egypt,
| وَهُمْ مُخَيِّمُونَ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ، فِي الْوَادِي بِجِوَارِ بَيْتِ فَغُورَ فِي أَرْضِ سِيحُونَ مَلِكِ الأَمُورِيِّينَ الَّذِي كَانَ مُقِيماً فِي حَشْبُونَ، فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ مُوسَى وَالإِسْرَائِيلِيُّونَ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِهِمْ مِنْ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. | ٤٦ 46 |
while they were in the valley across the Jordan facing Beth-peor in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon and was defeated by Moses and the Israelites after they had come out of Egypt.
| فَامْتَلَكُوا بِلادَهُ وَبِلادَ عُوجٍ مَلِكِ بَاشَانَ، مَلِكَيِ الأَمُورِيِّينَ اللَّذَيْنِ كَانَا مُقِيمَيْنِ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ، | ٤٧ 47 |
They took possession of the land belonging to Sihon and to Og king of Bashan—the two Amorite kings across the Jordan to the east—
| مِنْ عَرُوعِيرَ الْوَاقِعَةِ عَلَى حَافَةِ وَادِي أَرْنُونَ، إِلَى جَبَلِ سِيئُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ حَرْمُونُ، | ٤٨ 48 |
extending from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley as far as Mount Siyon (that is, Hermon),
| وَكُلَّ وَادِي الْعَرَبَةِ شَرْقِيَّ نَهْرِ الأُرْدُنِّ، حَتَّى الْبَحْرِ الْمَيِّتِ عِنْدَ سُفُوحِ الْفِسْجَةِ. | ٤٩ 49 |
including all the Arabah on the east side of the Jordan and as far as the Sea of the Arabah, below the slopes of Pisgah.
